The intensive technology of cultivation of peas (1985)

A jar of green pot.

The jar is on the computer.

Map of the Soviet Union with places where peas are grown.

In Ukraine, the central chernozem zone of Russia, the North Caucasus and Moldova, the best precursors for planting peas are winter cereals, sugar beet and corn.

In the Volga region, such crops are winter cereals, spring wheat, sugar beet and potatoes.

In the Urals, northern Kazakhstan and Western Siberia, peas are sown after spring wheat and corn for silage.

It is impossible to plant peas after sunflower, perennial legumes and cereals, because these crops have common pests and diseases.

For the same reason, it is possible to sow peas again only after 5 years.

Laboratory.

In order to switch to intensive pea cultivation technology, scientists need to solve a number of problems.

To create or select intensive varieties adapted to intensive cultivation, to raise the level of soil fertility, to ensure timely implementation of all operations for sowing and caring for plants.

Work in the laboratory to solve these problems.

The work of the computing center.

The list of necessary fertilizers for 1 hundredweight of finished grain.

A field with peas.

Experts inspect the shoots of peas.

The application of nitrogen fertilizers is influenced by the main feature of peas - symbiosis with nodule bacteria.

Nodule bacteria, a view under a microscope.

Peas satisfy the need for nitrogen up to 50% by symbiotic nitrogen fixation.

The rest of the nitrogen is taken from the soil, mainly from humus.

Nitrogen is applied only when the soil contains less than 3% humus.

Studies have shown that the increase in the number of active nodule bacteria is facilitated by the treatment of seeds with the bacterial preparation rhizotorphin.

Harvesting peas.

Processing of the field for peas begins immediately after harvesting the predecessor.

After corn, the field must be treated with heavy disc harrows.

After grain ears, stubble peeling is carried out.

Thanks to this, the root-stem residues are well crushed and the best smell is provided.

Before the rise of the cold, potash and phosphorus fertilizers are introduced into the soil.

Two weeks after surface tillage, plowing is carried out.

Cultivation of the finch, in order to level the soil surface, seal the split furrows and destroy the weeds that have appeared.

In the zones of wind erosion, autumn tillage consists of one or two loosening with flat cutters.

Snow retention.

Punched tape.

Variety of peas Zelenozerny 1.

A month before sowing, seed preparation begins.

Seed treatment for a number of diseases.

Additional seed treatment on the day of sowing peas.

Harrowing of the soil with heavy harrows and cultivation is carried out.

In the North Caucasus, when sowing in the February and March thaws, the pre-sowing harrowing of the winter is limited.

In Ukraine and Moldova, one cultivation is carried out on fields leveled in autumn.

Sowing peas.

Types of seeders.

Setting up seeders before sowing.

The use of tracked tractors.

The use of harrows to eliminate traces from tractors.

If there is a lack of moisture in the soil, the field is rolled with ring-spur rollers to pull moisture to the seeds.

Typical weeds in a field of peas.

Harrowing of crops is used to control weeds.

Pea shoots.

Harrowing is carried out across the crops or diagonally to it.

A variety of Smaragd peas.

Protection of peas from pests.

Pests of peas.

Aphids.

Pea grain.

Fruit moth.

Weevil.

Aphids on a pod of peas.

Spraying of chemical protection.

In case of mass infection of aphid plants, chemicals are treated from an airplane.

Features of peas that interfere with mechanized harvesting of peas.

The non-simultaneous ripening of grain not only in the field, but also on the plant itself.

The tendency of beans to crack.

Shedding of grain and its injury during threshing.

An increase in the lodging capacity of peas by the end of the growing season.

The main method of harvesting peas is separate.

Mowing is performed across the lodging of plants.

A header for mowing peas hung on a combine harvester.

Preparation of the harvester for harvesting.

Preparing the field for harvesting.

Mowing of peas is carried out when browning 60-75% of beans.

Harvesting.

The variety of peas is a Worker.

Peas are threshed at a humidity of 16-20%.

A field with rolls of peas.

Technological adjustment of combines.

Combines in the field pick up rolls and threshes grain.

Combines work with hoppers.

Harvesting straw from the fields with travois.

Grain from the combine enters the current.

Primary grain cleaning.

If the moisture content of the grain is above 17%, then it is dried.

Ventilated grain drying hopper.

Mine dryers.

Grain storage.

Harvesting at the collective farm named after the 22nd Congress of the CPSU of the Livensky district of the Oryol region.

Scientists of agricultural research institutes.

Research Institute of Legumes and Cereals.

A variety of peas, on which breeders are still working.

Samples of the variety on plots.

Scientists' data: to obtain 1 kg of animal protein, it is necessary to consume about 7.5 kg of vegetable protein.

A scientist in front of a computer.

100g of peas contains 25 g of vegetable protein and a large amount of essential amino acids.

Justification of the importance of keeping peas in animal feed.

Pigs.

Bird.

Livestock farm.