Radiation and life. Film2. Invisible rays (1993)

Filming of radioactive radiation in Wilson's cell.

Filming in the laboratory of nuclear scientists.

Drawings of vessels on which the designations of heavy metals are written.

Periodic table of Mendeleev.

It turned out that heavy metals are a strong source of radiation.

The main feature of radiation is to penetrate through various obstacles.

Then the property of radiation was discovered to create ions in the surrounding air, so that the air becomes a conductor of electricity.

The concept of ionizing radiation.

A cartoon explaining the principle of creating ions.

The concepts of electrons, protons and neutrons.

The structure of the atom of hydrogen, oxygen, uranium.

The number of neutral particles in an atom can be different.

For example, there are 146 neutral particles in uranus238, and 143 in uranus235, respectively.

Such atoms are called isotopes of the same element, and their nuclei form a group of nuclides.

Some nuclides are stable, but most nuclides are unstable.

They are constantly turning into other nuclides.

With each act of decay, energy is released, which is transmitted further in the form of radiation.

Scientists have identified about 30 types of radiation.

The film deals with 3.

Scientists called the first radiation alpha rays or alpha particles.

A cartoon explaining the nature of alpha rays.

The concept of an alpha particle.

The penetrating power of alpha particles.

The second radiation discovered by scientists is beta radiation.

The penetrating power of beta particles.

The third radiation is gamma radiation.

The penetrating power of gamma particles.

At the beginning of the 20th century, scientists found out that radioactive elements not only emit ionizing rays, but at the same time completely change their chemical nature.

It is known that radium is a metal with a high density and chemical properties close to barium and calcium.

A rock image of ancient Egyptian scientists.

Radium emits an alpha particle and disappears, a new element appears instead - the heavy inert gas radon.

Radium disappears slowly, only after 1600 years half of the original amount of powder remains.

The next 1600 years, the next half of the remaining powder disappears.

The concept of half-life.

Radium's daughter product radon decays by half in about 4 days.

It emits an alpha particle and becomes a heavy metal again, but a different one - radium A or polonium, which decays by half in 3 minutes.

A long chain of transformations of uranium-radium in the form of a family tree.

Uranium 238 with a half-life of 4.47 billion years passes into thorium 234 with a half-life of 24.1 days, then into protactinium 234 with a half-life of 1.17 minutes.

Uran234 with a half-life of 245 thousand years passes into thorium230 with a half-life of 8000 years, then into radium226 with a half-life of 1600 years, then into radon222 with a half-life of 3,823 days, then into polonium218 with a half-life of 3.05 minutes, and so on.

This process continues continuously.

The concept of nuclide activity.

Portrait of the scientist Antoine Becquerel, after whom the unit of activity is named.

Study of human radiation dose.