The film tells about the medical device phonocardiograph, how it can be used to diagnose various heart diseases
A man is lying on a couch in a medical office, a doctor is sitting next to him.
The doctor is listening to the man's heart with a phonendoscope.
A microphone from a special medical device, a phonocardiograph (a device that records sound processes in the heart), is attached to the man's chest, a panorama of the special equipment.
A woman in a white coat is pressing the buttons of the device.
Close-up - a man on a couch, with a microphone on his chest.
To record phonocardiograms, the doctor places a microphone on the patient's chest.
Different options for placing the microphone on the chest are shown.
Close-up - image on the phonocardiograph monitor.
The doctor places the microphone on the patient's chest.
Close-up - hands are pressing buttons on the equipment's control panel.
The doctor places the microphone in the fifth intercostal space in the axillary region.
Close-up - the doctor's face.
Close-up - a hand applies the phonendoscope microphone to the patient's chest, then the phonocardiograph microphone is placed in this place.
Close-up - image on the phonocardiograph monitor.
Microphone on the patient's chest, panorama of the man's face.
The frame shows amplifiers to which electrical signals converted in the microphone are transmitted.
The frame shows a system of frequency filters.
It shows how the converted signals are recorded on several frequency channels of the recording device (cardiogram sheets are printed out).
The doctor is at the table in the office, a colleague brings him cardiogram printouts, the two of them study the data.
In close-up, a hand with a pencil shows the low-frequency range of 35 Hz, the first mid-frequency of 70 Hz, the second mid-frequency of 140 Hz and the high-frequency of 250 Hz.
The man is lying on a couch with a microphone on his chest.
On the screen is a phonocardiogram of a healthy person (represented by oscillations of the first and second tones).
The phonocardiogram is graphically depicted on a sheet of paper, explanations are given - the first (systolic) tone occurs 4-6 hundredths of a second after the onset of the QRS complex of the electrocardiogram.
In close-up, the doctor's face.
The hand makes marks on the cardiogram with a pencil.
The second tone oscillations occur immediately after the T wave.
It is shown that immediately after the first tone there is a short pause (ventricular systole), and after the second - a long one (diastole).
Animated picture - the heart contracts.
The first tone occurs as a result of oscillations of the atrioventricular valves, tension of the ventricular muscles and oscillations of the walls of the aorta and pulmonary artery at the beginning of the ejection phase.
On the phonocardiogram, the first tone is represented by three groups of oscillations.
The initial and final parts consist of low-amplitude and low-frequency oscillations of about 20-40 Hz.
The main segment is represented by several high-amplitude oscillations with a frequency of about 100-150 Hz.
The first tone is best recorded on the low-frequency and mid-frequency channels.
Close-up - the face of a doctor working with a cardiogram.
The duration of the first tone is normally 0.1-0.2 seconds.
The second (diastolic) tone occurs as a result of vibrations of the cusps of the semilunar valves of the aorta and pulmonary artery.
The animated figure shows the contraction of the heart and the corresponding cardiogram.
On the phonocardiogram, two components of the second tone are distinguished - aortic and pulmonary (the distance between them does not exceed 3-5 hundredths of a second).
In a healthy person, the maximum amplitude of the first tone is determined at the apex and tricuspid valve.
The second tone is most intense in the second intercostal space to the left of the sternum.
A man lies on his side on a couch, the doctor places a microphone on his chest on the left.
On the phonocardiogram, the third (additional) heart tone is recorded during diastole.
It occurs at the very beginning of diastole and is best recorded on the low-frequency and first mid-frequency channel and is not recorded in higher frequency ranges.
The tone is caused by the impact of blood on the wall of the ventricles at the end of their rapid filling (animated drawing of the heart).
A child is on the couch, the doctor places a phonocardiograph microphone on the chest.
Shown is the operation of the device, printing of a phonocardiogram.
In children and adolescents, a fourth additional heart tone may also be recorded on the phonocardiogram.
It is represented by low-amplitude and low-frequency oscillations corresponding to atrial systole and the impact of blood on the ventricular wall (animated image of the heart).
The patient is lying on a couch, a doctor is working with equipment nearby, taking a phonocardiogram.
In a healthy person, the first and second heart tones are recorded on the phonocardiogram, and in young people, sometimes the third and fourth additional tones.
The patient is on the couch, the doctor listens to the heart with a phonendoscope.
Close-up - the doctor palpates the patient's chest, installs the phonocardiograph microphone.
Close-up - the image of a curved line on the device screen.
Close-up - a man on a couch, a microphone is installed on his chest.
Close-up - the image of a curved line on the device screen.
A slight splitting of the first tone can sometimes be observed in young people and adolescents.
In this case, the splitting is not constant, it is associated with breathing and does not exceed 3-4 hundredths of a second.
Significant bifurcation of the first tone, reaching 5-8 hundredths of a second, indicates a pronounced asynchronism of contractions of the left and right ventricles.
Such bifurcation is constant and is not associated with breathing.
In this case, a three-member rhythm is heard on the heart (animated picture of the heart).
Splitting of the second tone occurs due to non-simultaneous closure and oscillations of the valves of the aorta and pulmonary artery.
Physiological splitting of the second tone is often observed in young people - it increases on inhalation and decreases on exhalation.
The doctor in the office at the table - studies the phonocardiogram.
Significant and constant pathological bifurcation of the second tone is better determined in the mid-frequency range - it is observed with an increase in pressure in the pulmonary artery or blockade of the leg of the His bundle (animated picture of the heart).
Doctor, cardiologist, heart disease, medical equipment, phonocardiograph, phonocardiogram, phonendoscope, heart