How it was 25.10.1997 (1997)

Novocherkassk tragedy of 1962. The host asks the viewers what they know about the events in Novocherkassk in 1962. The host invites the first witness Matyash Vasily Andreevich to the studio and asks to remember that very morning of June 1, 1962. Matyash Vasily Andreevich says that he woke up from the cutting of factory and locomotive horns.

The neighbors said the factory was on strike.

It turns out that in the morning they announced on the central radio about a 33% increase in prices for dairy products.

Since this offended him, Matyash Vasily went to the factory, at the same time a company of soldiers and armored vehicles approached the factory.

The people closed the central checkpoint and did not let the military into the territory.

Matyash Vasily twisted the ends of the barbed wire on the gates of the factory, which was already wound, subsequently for this act he received ten years in prison.

The guard of the plant who lived next to his daughter and son-in-law saw Matyash Vasily's manipulations with the wire and later testified in court.

Matyash Vasily was accused of not letting a company of soldiers into the plant, sentenced to ten years in prison.

The presenter says that the only movie camera that filmed the events in Novocherkassk on June 1 and 2, 1962 belonged to the KGB, but as it turned out, two years later these films were destroyed, but there were photographs taken by the same KGB. Photographs of the events of June 1962: The plant building, people walking along the road, a poster "

Meat, butter, salary increase!", two women in front of the plant, a woman with a child, people with flags and a portrait of Lenin, a photograph of a convict, a prison wall and barred windows.

The intro "How it was".

The presenter says that Vladimir Efimovich Semichastny, Chairman of the USSR State Security Committee in 1962, was invited to judge, but he refused to go to the studio.

The host invites Yuri Muratovich Bagraev, head of the supervision department of the Main Military Prosecutor's Office, to the studio.

Yuri Bagraev says that Moscow learned about the events in Novocherkassk immediately on the morning of June 1, as soon as the plant went on strike, information immediately went through the KGB and through the party organs to the Central Committee of the CPSU and was immediately reported to N.S. Khrushchev.

Yuri Bagraev says that the 30% price increase is an event of union significance, prices increased not only in the Rostov region, but in the Soviet Union, but this coincided with another revision of prices at the plant in April of the sixty-second year and it turned out that these two events did not overlap, there was a 30% price increase at the same time, and new prices that practically reduced wages by 30%.

Vasily Andreevich Matyash says that before the events of June 1, the welfare of the city's residents was low.

Bagraeva Yuri tells how the events developed in Novocherkassk: During the whole day the people were excited, there was a rally, the city authorities arrived and Basov, the first secretary of the regional committee.

Basov quotes the resolution on the appeal of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers on the price increase, on the second phrase he was booed and stones, sticks, bottles were thrown onto the balcony and they quickly retreated to the plant management building and were blocked there.

In the first half of June 1, police units were at the plant, then units of the internal troops, and finally units of the eighteenth division raised on alert began to arrive there.

From 18:00 in the city, representatives of the Central Committee of the CPSU arrived, one command was given to release the first secretary of the Rostov regional party committee.

Units of the 18th tank division, companies of soldiers with machine guns were sent one after another to unblock the entrance to the plant management.

Late in the evening, a unit of the anti-sabotage company of the special forces of the North Caucasian military district was sent, they penetrated the building of the plant management and with the help of the workers of the plant management found out from there through the back doors all the leadership of the party organs, there was no resistance from the workers.

On the same day, intensive flights to Rostov began, official officials at the level of the top officials of the KGB, the top officials of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the command of the North Caucasian military district and finally representatives of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the CPSU began to arrive there.

On the night of June 1-2, half of the members of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the CPSU arrived in Novocherkassk, Kozlov - the second Central Committee of the CPSU, the second person after Khrushchev, Mikayan Anastas - the first deputy chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, Polyansky, Shelepin, Ilyichov.

The presenter reads out part of the secret report to the KGB on the data received on the reaction of the population of the USSR to the increase in prices.

Bagrayeva Yuri talks about the reports of Semichastny Vladimir - Chairman of the State Security Committee of the USSR to Khrushchev.

If the oil had been carried out, as they say, appropriate explanatory work Bagraeva Yuri says if explanatory work had been carried out at all industrial enterprises of the Rostov region, then perhaps the events of June 1 and 2 would not have happened at all.

Matyash Vasily Andreevich says that if explanatory work had been carried out, then the people would not have taken to the streets, citing Stalin's speech as an example.

The host invites a witness to the events, Stepanov Nikolay Yegorovich, to the studio.

Stepanov Nikolay Yegorovich says that in the morning people came to their workshop at the plant with batons and rods, turned off the electricity, said that everyone was on strike, columns were being organized, heading to the city party committee.

The host says people were walking with banners, there were many children who put on their ceremonial pioneer uniforms, ties, people carried flags and portraits of Lenin.

Bagraeva Yuri says that a lot of students, engineers, workers from other plants and just curious people joined the demonstration.

At the square, when this spontaneous rally began, many speakers began to talk about how the day before during the rally many workers were arrested and some people shouted calling for them to come to the police station and free these workers.

Perhaps these were provocateurs shouting.

Before that, by the night of June 2, about 22-24 people were taken to the police station, detained as the most active in this very place.

When it became known that tomorrow people intended to go to the city party committee, a decision was made at the level of the top officials of the Central Committee of the CPSU, a strict order should not be taken to the police station for a single detainee and all of them, or more precisely 20 out of twenty-two, were released.

On June 2, the cells of the city police station were empty and suddenly, for some reason, on the morning of June 2, repeated statements were heard from the balcony: let's go free our fathers and brothers.

The host suggests listening to the witness Pekush Alexandra Ivanovna.

Video: Pekush Alexandra Ivanovna says that between 12 and 13 o'clock she saw a crowd of people, but did not reach it, fell, her legs buckled, did not feel what was happening, and then she tried to get up, saw a knee in front of her in blood and that's it, she was no longer able to move, she fell and then for the second time there was not a single soul nearby.

Bagrayeva Yuri says that he knows Pekush Alexandra Ivanovna, they interrogated her.

The presenter suggests looking at a map-scheme of the square of the Novocherkassk tragedy.

Bagrayeva Yuri shows on the map the location of the city committee building, the location of the protesters, soldiers with machine guns and the place in the park where Pekush Alexandra Ivanovna received two gunshot wounds one after the other.

Bagrayeva Yuri says that all this shooting was conducted from above, the soldiers at the city committee fired warning shots with blank cartridges and have nothing to do with the dead in the square.

In the studio, Vodyanitskaya Valentina Evgenyevna says that she was not in the column and did not commit pogroms.

Vodyanitskaya Valentina Evgenyevna says that she knew that arrests were going on in the city and talks about her arrest.

Vodyanitskaya Valentina says that she and her son were going to the hospital, the officers forcibly pushed her into a car, her son was left on the street, thrown into the basement, interrogations continued day and night for twelve days, as a result, a sentence of ten years in prison.

Matyash Vasily Andreevich talks about his arrest on May 15, 1962. Matyash Vasily Andreevich talks about a personal meeting and interrogation of him by Semichastny Vladimir Efimovich - Chairman of the State Security Committee of the USSR in 1962. In the studio, Stepanov Nikolay Egorovich says that he was sentenced to seven years and interrogation of him by Semichastny Vladimir Efimovich - Chairman of the State Security Committee of the USSR in 1962. Stepanov Nikolay Yegorovich says that he hit a soldier by the belt with the flagpole, and he was accused of actively pogroming the city police department and pogroming the city executive committee of the CPSU. Bocharova Tatyana Pavlovna - President of the Novocherkassk Tragedy Foundation talks about the show trials that took place in Novocherkassk.

She reads lines from a 1962 newspaper article about workers who wanted to atone for their guilt by working on Sunday and individual participants in the riots who confessed.

The presenter suggests watching the only film documenting how the story of the events in Novocherkassk in 1962 ended.

Video: Young people at the cemetery remove a cross from a grave with a plaque "To the innocent victims of 1962. Novocherkassk residents" and a list of names.

A pathologist examines human bones and talks about gunshot wounds to the skull and shows on himself the place where the bullet hit.

Intro "How it was".

The host invites Kraisvetny Mikhail Ivanovich, the only professional archaeologist in Novocherkassk, to the studio.

Kraisvetny Mikhail Ivanovich, a historian and archaeologist, says that the burial of the bodies of the victims in Novocherkassk was carried out by senior officers of the police departments, directly by the heads of departments, the rank and file were not allowed, initially those who died during the period of the first and second month were taken at night to storage sites located twelve kilometers from the city of Novocherkassk.

The burials took place at night in strict secrecy.

Bocharova Tatyana Pavlovna, the president of the Novocherkassk Tragedy Foundation, says that the bones were recorded on film and the materials were delivered to Moscow, on the basis of which a criminal case was opened.

Bagraeva Yuri talks about the conjuncture that is always present, if in 1962 these events were assessed as a performance of anti-Soviet elements that pushed the "dense", "dark" workers to perform and the police acted lawfully by preventing everything, then exactly thirty years later in ninety-first ninety-second year these events were given a diametrically opposite assessment.

The presenter says that according to the military prosecutor's office of the prosecutor's office of Russia, the results of the events of June 2, 1962 were only summed up several years ago, 26 killed, about 90 wounded, about 200 victims sentenced to various terms of imprisonment, seven people to death.

In 1992, the dead were reburied in the Novocherkassk city cemetery.

Video of a mass grave with a cross "To the victims of the Novocherkassk tragedy of 1962", gravestones with names, an obelisk "Dedicated to the memory of the victims of the Novocherkassk tragedy".

Most of the convicted, including Stepanov Nikolai Yegorovich and Vodyanitskaya Valentina Evgenyevna, were rehabilitated, both of them are now activists of the Novocherkassk tragedy fund.

In 1992, the chief military prosecutor's office opened a criminal case against Khrushchev, Mikoyan Kozlov, Shelepin and others, the case is now closed. "Only Ash knows what it means to burn to the ground" with these words of Brodsky Joseph, the host ends the program.