Russia and European countries on the eve and at the beginning of the First World War (1911-1914)

Part of the Summer Garden fence in St.

Petersburg in the 1910s Panorama of part of the embankment, cabbies and cars passing by, a rider riding on horseback.

Warships of the Russian Imperial Navy at anchor.

Members of the Imperial Family dance with the Grand Duchesses on the deck of the imperial yacht, sailors scrub the deck under the supervision of the officer of the watch.

Factory chimneys smoke.

Production processes in the workshops of military factories on the eve of World War I. Transportation of the barrel of a long-range artillery gun.

Interior view of a workshop for the manufacture of barrels of heavy long-range artillery (panorama, from above).

Panorama of part of the shipyard structures.

Launching a ship.

Warships of the German fleet in Kiel (panorama).

Warships of the Entente countries put to sea.

Warships of the Russian fleet at anchor.

The Imperial yacht Alexandria with Nicholas II and French President Poincaré on board approaches the pier on July 7, 1914. Nicholas II, Poincaré and their entourage disembark the yacht.

Poincaré and Nicholas II inspect the guard of honour on the English Embankment in St.

Petersburg.

Parade of units of the Imperial Guard in Krasnoye Selo in honour of Poincaré.

Entrance to the Paris Stock Exchange building.

Opening of a bank safe.

Gold bars in the vault of a French bank.

Unloading sacks of money.

Brokers climb the steps of the Stock Exchange.

Military parades in Germany before World War I. Troops march through the streets of Berlin.

View of London Bridge.

A ceremonial event at Buckingham Palace during the visit of French President Poincaré to London on June 24, 1913, Poincaré and King George V pass by.

George V and Poincaré board the carriage, the carriage sets off.

British soldiers marching.

The Eiffel Tower in Paris.

Clemenceau inspects the guard of honour.

Marshal Joffre and War Minister Millerand talk to generals during a military parade before World War I. View of part of the Moscow Kremlin.

Military parade on the territory of the Kremlin in 1913-1914. Military parade in Constantinople.

Sultan Mehmed V descends the steps of the palace, stops by a car.

Turkish troops march along the pier.

View of part of Vienna.

Viennese and military personnel stroll in one of the parks.

Emperor of Austria-Hungary Franz Joseph I, Archduke Karl with his bride Zita Bourbon of Parma during wedding celebrations in 1911. Franz Joseph I takes part in the ceremonial procession.

Arrest of Gavrilo Princip in Sarajevo after his assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand on June 28, 1914. The news of Ferdinand's assassination in the French newspaper "Petit Parisien".

Kaiser Wilhelm II sees off General Hindenburg before leaving for the active army.

Hindenburg gets into a car and drives away.

Combat operations in the land and sea theatres of World War I. Artillery fires, a horse battery takes up a firing position.

The text of the Imperial Manifesto on Russia's entry into the war.

Patriotic demonstrations and religious processions in Russia after war was declared on Germany.

Panorama of Palace Square during a demonstration in August 1914 (top).

The text of the imperial decree on martial law.

Workers leaving the factory gates.

Seeing off mobilized soldiers to the front.

A steamship with mobilized soldiers leaves the pier.

Troops march through the streets of London, views of London during the days of Great Britain's entry into the war.

Patriotic rally in Germany.

Seeing off German soldiers to the front.

French troops marching through city streets before leaving for the front.

Seeing off Canadian troops at the train station.

Those seeing them off wave goodbye.

Parade of British and French troops.

One of the French colonial cavalry units on the march.

Soldiers take up positions in trenches.

British horse artillery trotting towards firing positions.

Combat operations of various branches of the armed forces at the front at the beginning of World War I. Wounded British soldiers in a trench before being evacuated to the rear.

Evacuation of a wounded Russian soldier to the rear.

Corpses of soldiers.

Refugees driving cattle along the road.

Refugees on the roads of France in the autumn of 1914. Panorama of part of the refugee camp with a food station.

Leaders of the State Duma factions pass by.

Rodzianko M.V., Purishkevich V.M., Milyukov P.N., Guchkov A.I. and caricatures of them.

View of the State Duma session hall in the Tauride Palace.

State Duma deputies during a session (fragment of the film "The Return of Maxim").

Photograph of the arrest of Bolshevik State Duma deputies who spoke out against the war.