The beginning of the Spanish Civil War (1936-1937)

Ruins of buildings and residential houses in one of the cities of Spain, destroyed after an air raid by the Falangist air force.

General Franco F. climbs the gangway onto the ship, walks along the guard of honor.

Soldiers of the Republican Army repel an attack by the Falangists.

A machine gunner opens fire.

The Republicans rise to counterattack.

The face of General Franco.

Presentation of an award to an officer of Franco's army.

Parade of units of Franco's army in one of the captured cities.

A unit of Falangists, accompanied by a brass band, marches along a city street.

Soldiers of the Republican Army conduct combat operations.

Exploding shells.

Volunteers undergoing marching drill during the defense of Madrid.

Marching volunteers during a drill exercise.

Republican soldiers greet delegates of the Second World Anti-Fascist Writers' Congress in 1937. Writers Alexei Tolstoy, Mikhail Koltsov, Ilya Ehrenburg among the delegates to the congress.

Panorama of the congress hall, delegates raise their clenched right hands.

Soldiers carry a banner into the congress hall.

A phalangist machine gunner fires.

Corpses of civilians killed by the phalangists.