Western European countries and Russia before World War I (1914)

A photograph of leading European politicians and industrialists.

A rotating relief model of the globe (animation).

Russian entrepreneur and industrialist N.A. Vtorov in a chair.

John Davison Rockefeller stands by a car.

Test firing artillery barrels of various calibers.

Demonstration of the use of individual bulletproof wheel guards in the French army.

French generals observe the tests.

Soldiers protected by wheel guards are fired at from artillery guns at a firing range.

A view of one of the military factories in Western Europe.

Manufacture of ammunition for heavy artillery.

Barrels and large-caliber ammunition in finished goods warehouses.

Launching of a warship.

Warships of the German fleet in Kiel Bay.

Leading industrialists in the photograph.

Emperor Wilhelm II reviews the parade.

Units of the Prussian Guards pass in front of Wilhelm II. Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria-Hungary greets the military before the parade.

Parade of the Scots Guards.

Emperor Nicholas II walks past the honor guard of the Guards Cuirassiers at the Gatchina train station.

An infantry unit of the Russian army on parade.

Steam billows from a factory whistle.

Factory equipment units and mechanisms stop at the start of a strike.

Workers during strikes.

Newspaper reports on strikes in St.

Petersburg in 1914. Strike participants gather at the factory gates.

Photograph of V.I. Lenin in Zakopane in 1914. Celebrations in Sarajevo in honor of the arrival of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in June 1914. Photograph of Franz Ferdinand after exiting a train carriage.

Photographs of Ferdinand and his wife in Sarajevo before the assassination attempt.

Photographs of the arrest of Gavrilo Princip, who shot the Archduke.

Newspaper reports on the assassination of Franz Ferdinand.

People sort newspapers on the street of a European city.

A photograph of Franz Joseph I signing an ultimatum to Serbia.

A battleship's gun turret rotates.

An artillery barrel is aimed at a target.

A woman arranges dolls on a table.

A Russian army parade in Krasnoye Selo in honor of the arrival of French President Poincaré.

French military telegraph operators transmit messages at their telegraph machines.

Berliners read the order for general mobilization posted on the wall of a building.

Berliners greet troops passing through the street.

A patriotic demonstration in Berlin.