Intensification of grain cleaning (1966)

The elevator building.

Shows the operation of various equipment for industrial grain cleaning from impurities.

Laboratory, employees in white coats work at tables, in the frame are various devices, laboratory equipment, etc.

The employees check the grain, determine the content of trash and grain impurities in it.

In the frame is a laboratory grain separator ZLS, a woman approaches the separator, loads a tray into it, pours grain through the hole on top, presses a button to turn on the unit.

In the frame are replaceable sieves with different holes for grain.

Shows the operation of the grain separator.

An employee pours trash, impurities from grain onto a special mirror surface, studies them through a special magnifying device.

A woman at a table in the laboratory, pours grain into a sieve, sifts it.

Grain cleaning shop, various units, equipment are working, in the frame an employee walks along the working machines.

Close-up - the grain cleaning process is shown.

In the frame are working machines, mechanisms, etc.

The frame shows the grain separator ZSN-100. The grain separator is shown in operation.

The grain mixture enters the receiving sieve with large holes - it separates large impurities into the tray.

The grain enters the sieve body in two streams.

The sieve body has two sorting and two under-seeding sieves with holes of different sizes and shapes.

On the sorting sieves, large particles are separated with a stroke, and the grain and small impurities pass through to the under-seeding sieves.

The grain sorting process is shown in close-up (it is shown how the grains pass through the sieve holes, and large long impurities do not pass through such a sieve and go with a stroke into the tray).

In order to increase the efficiency of the sorting sieves, the initial section 300-400 mm long is covered with a steel sheet to orient large impurities and long grain to the plane of the sieve.

The steel sheet is roughened by covering it with a mesh, which promotes the stratification of the grain mixture.

This improves the process of weeds floating up.

The surface of the sieves should be smooth; if the surface of the sieve is wavy and bent, then impurities are retained on it and the working area is not fully utilized.

Sheets with oblong holes are installed on the undersowing sieves - impurities that differ in thickness from the grain are separated by a passage on it, and the grain goes with a move.

In the frame - sieves with triangular holes of 1.91 mm, for more effective sifting of particles (with a triangular shape).

The work of grain separators in the workshop is shown, a woman in a uniform overalls observes the work of sorting machines.

The employee monitors the uniformity of grain inflow, the pneumatic separating channel, the correct distribution of grain across the entire width of the sieve, as well as the operation of the cleaning mechanisms.

The uniformity of grain flow to the sieve depends on the correct adjustment of the feeding organs, such as the valve and the auger (the woman adjusts the machine by tightening the metal chain).

Shown is the process of grain flowing to the sieve, the cleaning process, etc.

Close-up - a palm with cleaned grain.

Cleaned grain pours out of a special hole in the separator.

Shown is the separator in operation, in the frame is grain on a conveyor, sifted through a sieve.

Shown is what happens with a sharp increase in the amount of grain entering the separator - some of it will go with the flow along with impurities into the tray.

With an increase in the thickness of the bulk mass, the duration of contact of the particles of the lower layer with the sieve increases (this contributes to their sifting).

But at the same time, the path of passage of grain grains through the layer of grain bed also increases - before reaching the sieve hole, the grain goes with the flow along with impurities into the tray.

Large - grain pours out of the hole of the separator machine.

A woman adjusts the operation of the separator, pulls the chain, reduces the feed of grain from the hopper to the auger.

Large - the grain flow decreases.

A woman adjusts the operation of the machine, tightens the cylinder at the top.

Grain is poured into the chute.

Large - impurities on the conveyor.

A woman approaches the chute, checks the quality of grain cleaning.

The separator machine is working.

The frame shows a mechanism for cleaning sieves (inertial cleaners).

The operation of such cleaners is shown.

Inertial cleaners must be in close contact with the lower surface of the sieves along the entire path of their movement.

When the sieve is removed, the edge of the cleaner should extend 5-10 mm above the surface of the sieve.

If the cleaners are faulty, the sieves become clogged, impairing grain cleaning.

The selection of impurities from the grain mass, differing in aerodynamic properties, occurs in pneumatic separating channels (the operating principle is shown).

A certain air speed is set for each grain crop.

Graphic representation of grain flow - grains move in the channel along different trajectories, forming a jet of variable density, the highest density is at the inner wall of the channel, and the lowest - in the middle part.

The grain flow is shown.

The air flow speeds also change - they reach a maximum value in the central part and decrease towards the channel walls.

A special corrugated grate is installed above the grain stream to equalize the air flow speeds across the entire width of the channel.

Its use increases the effect of separating light and small impurities that differ from grain in their aerodynamic properties.

The grain inlet speed should be between 0.1 and 0.3 m/sec.

Separator machines are shown in the workshop.

Grain, long and short impurities, such as wild oats, are separated in drum separators, the walls of which have a cellular surface on the inside.

When rotating, grain falls out of the cells onto a shelf, and wild oats from the drum exits into a tray.

Grain is also cleaned on twin disk trieurs (the frame shows such a unit).

The work of a twin disk trieur is shown.

The frame shows rotating disks.

For axial movement of long particles inside the trieur there are blades and rotating disks with a cellular surface - they capture short particles and throw them into trays, and from them - into the bunker.

The feed of grain into the trieur is regulated by a valve.

The adjusted level should be constant and be one third of the diameter of the disks.

If the grain mixture is higher than this level, then the disks will throw out normal grain along with the waste.

Coarse - cleaned grain is poured into the tray.

Coarse - a hand regulates the grain level.

At a lower level, productivity decreases and the cleaning effect worsens.

The work of grain cleaning machines in the workshop is shown.