The film was made by order of "VUZFILMA" of the Ministry of Higher and Secondary Specialized Education of the RSFSR, in which the method of obtaining isoprene rubber from isobutane and methyl alcohol is described in detail. It is recommended as a teaching aid for students of higher educational institutions.
Panorama of the exterior equipment of a chemical plant at night.
Alternating shots with views of the workshops of a chemical plant.
Hevea thickets in South America.
Extraction of natural rubber.
Engravings depicting scenes of rubber processing in ancient times.
Demonstration of the plasticity of rubber, its elasticity and its insolubility in water.
Engraving depicting the English scientist Faraday.
Rubber molecule.
Engraving depicting laboratory vessels.
The structural formula of isoprene, the main part of rubber.
It was established by Russian scientists.
The structure of a natural rubber molecule.
Cis-structure of the molecule.
A scientist studies the structure of rubber under an electron microscope.
Studies of rubber latex have shown that it is a dispersion.
Chemical laboratory.
View of a synthetic rubber plant.
In the Soviet Union, two methods are used to obtain isoprene.
One from isopentane, the other from isobutane and methyl alcohol.
Let's analyze the second method.
Cartoon showing the scheme of obtaining isoprene rubber.
Isobutane is fed from the factory warehouse for processing to obtain the target product isobutylene.
This process is carried out by dehydrogenating isobutane.
Before dehydrogenation, raw isobutane is fed to the preliminary rectification unit.
Cartoon showing the preliminary processing of isobutane.
In a tubular furnace, isobutane vapors are heated to over 400 degrees.
After this, the isobutane rectified is fed to the reactor for dehydrogenation.
Cartoon showing the reactor in operation.
Formula for the dehydrogenation process.
Rubber, Isoprene, Isobutane
M. Faraday
scientist.
Cartoon showing the operation of the reactor.
The regenerator apparatus, in which the catalyst is restored after it has coked during the reaction.
Cartoon explaining the regeneration process.
The regeneration gases give off heat in the waste heat boiler and then enter the electrostatic precipitator to clean them of residual catalyst dust.
After the filter, the gases are removed into the atmosphere.
Cartoon explaining the process of cooling the gas from the reactor.
First of all, the contact gas is compressed by a compressor to 13 atmospheres and fed to the condensers.
View of the condensers on the territory of the plant.
Cartoon explaining the operation of the condenser.
As a result, the isobutane-isobutylene fraction is separated.
Formaldehyde is obtained from methyl alcohol (the second component of the reaction).
Container with methyl alcohol.
Cartoon explaining the production of formaldehyde.
The result is a 37% formaldehyde solution containing a certain amount of methanol.
Methanol is distilled off from formaldehyde in a distillation column.
View of the column.
As a result, two initial products of the synthesis are obtained: isobutylene and formaldehyde.
They are connected in a column-type reactor block.
Formaldehyde batch is fed into its upper part.
Isobutane-isobutylene fraction in a liquefied state is fed into the lower part.
Cartoon explaining the operation of the reactor block.
Isobutane, Formaldehyde, Methanol, Reactor block
Continuation of the cartoon explaining the operation of the reactor block.
As a result, the main product for the synthesis of dimethyldioxane is obtained, which will be further converted into isoprene.
This reaction is carried out in a sectional contact apparatus.
The apparatus is demonstrated.
Cartoon explaining the processes taking place in the sectional contact apparatus.
Reaction formulas.
Cartoon explaining the processes taking place in the condensation system.
As a result, rectified isoprene is obtained, which undergoes water and alkaline purification.
Rectified isoprene is fed to the polymerization shop.
Panorama of the shop.
Cartoon showing the preparation of isoprene for polymerization.
The polymerizers are connected to each other in series in a chain of six devices.
The structure of the polymerizer.
Isoprene is polymerized gradually, passing from one device to another.
Cartoon explaining the polymerization process.
The operator takes samples from the first and last devices.
Samples are demonstrated.
Comparison of isoprene rubber molecules and natural rubber.
Isoprene is almost completely polymerized.
Unpolymerized monomer and solvent must be distilled off from the resulting rubber.
Cartoon explaining the process of distilling off monomer and solvent.
Then the rubber crumb, having passed through a vibrating screen, is sent for washing with water.
After washing, the crumb is sent to the drum of the vacuum filter.
Isoprene, Polymerization
Drying rubber crumbs.
Cartoon explaining the operation of an air dryer.
Rubber comes out of the dryer with minimal moisture.
The elevator lifts the rubber crumbs to the automatic scales, where it is dosed into portions.
Then the portions go to the hydraulic press, where 30 kg briquettes are formed.
The molding frames alternate with frames of obtaining natural rubber.
The briquettes are automatically packed in film.
Further packaging.
The properties of the obtained isoprene rubber are tested.
Standard samples are made for this.
Tensile test.
Comparative test of natural rubber.
Plasticity test.
In both cases, artificial rubber is not inferior to natural rubber.
A lab technician tests air and water resistance.
Samples of isoprene rubber products.
Car wheels.
Car assembly line.
Isoprene rubber, Latex