Life bacterial cells. (1988)

Sunset.

The globe.

Lava is boiling.

Prokaryotes are the first living beings on the planet.

Thanks to their activities, an oxygen atmosphere appeared on the planet.

One and a half billion years ago, eukaryotes with a nucleus appeared.

A spider in a web.

A butterfly on a flower.

Eukaryotes gave rise to all multicellular organisms.

Portrait of Louis Pasteur.

Portrait of V.I. Vernadsky.

Birch grove.

V.I. Vernadsky traced the biogeochemical cycles of nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur and carbon and came to the conclusion that they are all determined by the tireless work of the microbial world.

Portrait of the Russian microbiologist S.N. Vinogradsky.

He discovered nitrogen-fixing bacteria - Nitrobacter and nitrosomonas.

They participate in the nitrogen cycle in nature.

A cartoon explaining this process.

A scientist examines colonies of microbes through a microscope.

A petri dish with such a colony of microbes.

A cartoon explaining the diversity of microbe species.

Cartoon explaining the concept of endoenzymes and cell activity.

External digestion of the cell.

The causative agents of many diseases live and reproduce using the organic substances of the host cells.

These include staphylococci, streptococci, anthrax sticks, cholera vibrions and others.

A cartoon telling about the ways of obtaining energy by bacteria.

A chamber for studying anaerobes.

Botulism bacilli, a type of anaerobic bacterium, multiplying in anaerobic conditions, secrete a toxin that is deadly to humans.

Most pathogenic bacteria are facultative anaerobes.

This means that they are able to live and reproduce both in the presence of free oxygen and in its absence.

Natural geysers.

Bacteria live both in the water of hot springs and in permafrost conditions.

Photo of a polar bear cub among snow and ice.

The first are called thermophiles, the second psychrophiles.

Most bacteria are mesophiles.

Among them are almost all pathogens of human diseases.

The optimal temperature of their vital activity, the temperature of the human body.

They usually die when boiled.

Sterilization of medical instruments.

The scientist observes the vital activity of bacteria.