Educational film for students of secondary specialized educational institutions studying the subject "Mechanical Engineering Technology".
Shaft processing on a metalworking machine.
Cartoon demonstrating different types of shafts.
Shafts of different sizes.
The process of shaft manufacturing is shown.
Checking the accuracy of processing.
Manufacturing a shaft blank using free forging or stamping.
Manufacturing a blank from rolled round section.
First of all, a base is prepared on the blank for further processing.
Cartoon explaining the preparation process.
In single-piece and small-scale production, these operations are performed from two installations on screw-cutting lathes.
The centering hole is made either with a drill and a conical countersink, or with a special combination drill.
In serial production, the preparation of technological bases is performed on milling and centering machines.
The advantage of such machines is the ability to process ends and center holes simultaneously from both sides.
When the base is prepared, you can begin turning.
Chucks of various types can be used to secure the part.
A standard three-jaw chuck.
A four-jaw chuck.
It is used when processing asymmetrical parts.
If the shaft is processed in centers, it is fixed with a driver chuck.
The accuracy of the linear dimensions of the shaft is conveniently provided from the left end.
Cartoon explaining the process.
Collet chucks are convenient when manufacturing small parts from a calibrated rod.
In single-piece and small-scale production, turning of shafts is performed on screw-cutting lathes or on CNC machines.
On screw-cutting lathes, it is possible to obtain rough, semi-finishing or finishing turning of the surface up to the 8th accuracy grade and up to the 6th roughness class.
The turner checks the dimensions of the shaft.
CNC machines.
Punched tape against the background of a working machine.
The part on the CNC machine undergoes rough and finish processing.
The fundamental feature of such a machine is an automatic cutting head with four or more cutters.
The head sequentially, depending on the program, puts the required tool into operation.
In large-scale and mass production, automatic and semiautomatic machines are used to turn shafts.
On hydrocopying semiautomatic machines or on machines equipped with a hydrocopying support, it is enough to install the part and turn on the machine.
All other operations in accordance with the template profile are performed by the support using a hydrocopying device.
Cartoon explaining the operation of a hydrocopying semiautomatic machine.
Processing multi-stage shafts.
A hydrocopying semiautomatic machine performs finishing turning and ensures high processing accuracy.
Multi-stage shaft, Screw-cutting lathe, Milling and centering machine, CNC machines, Hydrocopying semiautomatic machines
A multi-cutter machine in operation.
A cartoon explaining how such a machine works.
After turning, keyways and splines are milled on the shafts.
Keyways are cut either on conventional milling machines or on special keyway-milling machines.
A cartoon explaining the choice of tool for this operation.
A cartoon explaining the use of a centering vice.
A spline-milling machine with a hobbing cutter.
Heat treatment of shafts.
High-frequency current hardening is most often used for heat treatment of shafts.
The final accuracy of the shaft is achieved by grinding.
When processing in centers, grinding is carried out on cylindrical grinding machines.
The tool is grinding wheels of various grain sizes and hardness.
Depending on the diameter and length, the shaft is ground using different methods.
A cartoon explaining grinding using the longitudinal feed method.
Plunge grinding.
A cartoon explaining grinding using this method.
Shaped grinding.
Internal grinding machines are used to machine the inner surfaces of hollow shafts, such as spindles.
Centerless grinding method.
Cartoon explaining grinding using this method.
In large-scale and mass production, shafts are machined on automatic flow lines.
Concept of a flow line.
Line example.
First, the workpiece enters the milling and centering machine.
Then, an automatic transport system delivers the part for turning.
The machining is carried out on two semiautomatic hydrocopy turning machines.
After turning, keyways or splines are cut at the next position.
Then the part goes to grinding.
The finished shaft comes off the conveyor.
In the foreground, there are boxes with workpieces and finished products.
In single-unit and small-scale production, automated sections of CNC machines are introduced for processing parts.
Automated warehouse.
Feeding workpieces from the warehouse to the machines and sending finished parts is carried out automatically.
Use of robots in automated areas.
After processing a part on the first machine, the robot passes it on to the next one, etc.
Key milling machines, Spline milling machine, Cylindrical grinding machine, Internal grinding machines, Automatic flow lines, CNC machines, Robots