The educational film examines the laws of physics necessary to launch a satellite into orbit. (At the beginning of the film, the importance of K. E. Tsiolkovsky's work for research in the field of cosmonautics is revealed. Tsiolkovsky's formula, derived by him using the law of conservation of momentum, is considered. Based on this formula, a quantitative assessment is given of such parameters as the speed of the rocket and the outflow of gases, the mass of the rocket and fuel, characterizing the reactive motion of the rocket during launch and flight in outer space. The application of these laws in cosmonautics is then shown.)
Kerosene lamp against the starry sky.
Rocket drawing by K.E. Tsialkovsky.
Portrait of Tsialkovsky.
Title page of K.E. Tsialkovsky's book "Exploration of outer space using jet devices".
Books written by K.E. Tsialkovsky.
A selection of the scientist's handwritten notes.
A film based on the ideas of K.E. Tsialkovsky.
Dedication to K.E. Tsialkovsky in the opening frames of the film.
Stills from the film.
The word from the film "explosions".
Tsialkovsky called the method of accelerating a spacecraft explosions.
A cartoon explaining impulses in the form of explosions that move a rocket.
The law of conservation of momentum.
Formula.
This law underlies every jet motion.
The formula for the final velocity of a rocket, derived by K.E. Tsialkovsky based on the law of conservation of momentum.
A cartoon explaining the formula for the final velocity.
A graph of the logarithmic dependence of the final velocity on the ratio of the total mass of the rocket to the mass of the payload.
The dependence of the final speed of the rocket on the fuel reserves in the rocket.
Analysis of the plot of the film in relation to the actual calculations of the speed and fuel for the implementation of the declared actions.
The mass of fuel for a trip to the Moon must be at least 1000 tons.
Alternating frames with a satellite and other spacecraft.
Assembly of the Salyut orbital station.
To put the station into orbit, fuel is needed that is 100 times greater than the mass of the station.
Assembly of the rocket.
Rocket engines.
According to the Tsiolkovsky formula, the reserves for increasing the final speed of the rocket are embedded in the velocity of the outflow of gases.
Electric rocket engine.
The velocity of the outflow of particles from it reaches 30-50 km / sec.
An experiment that shows the power of such an engine.
Comparison of the mass of rockets for a flight to the Moon with a liquid jet and an electric rocket engine.
Rocket, Engines, Speed, Jet propulsion
K.E. Tsialkovsky
Russian scientist.
Rocket launch pad.
Transporting the rocket to the launch pad.
Installing the rocket on the pad.
Spacecraft flight control center.
Scientists behind monitor screens.
Portrait of S.P. Korolev.
Helicopter flyby of the launch pad with the installed rocket.
Rocket launch.
Jules Verne's novel "From a Cannon to the Moon".
Illustrations in the book.
Analysis of the events described from a scientific point of view.
Rocket launch.
Graph of rocket speed increase during launch.
Shots of a rocket flying in the atmosphere.
Separation of the second stage and free flight phase.
Optimal rocket launch trajectory.
At the first cosmic velocity, the ship moves in a circular orbit of an artificial Earth satellite.
As the speed increases, the shape of the orbit changes.
At the second cosmic velocity, the trajectory becomes parabolic.
At an even greater speed, the orbit takes the shape of a hyperbola.
Rapprochement of two spacecraft and docking.
Illustrations for the book by Jules Verne demonstrating weightlessness.
Weightlessness shown in a film based on Tsiolkovsky's calculations.
Actual footage of weightlessness on a space station.
A watch floating in weightlessness.
Cosmonauts training on simulators.
Outer space.
Tsiolkovsky's formula appears against the background of space.
Teenagers assembling models of space stations.
USSR pilot-cosmonaut Vyacheslav Zudov talks to teenagers.
Model of a lunar rover.
Close-up portraits of attentively listening teenagers.
Space, Rocket, Weightlessness
K.E. Tsialkovsky
Russian scientist. Jules Verne
science fiction writer Vyacheslav Zudov
cosmonaut. S.P. Korolev
scientist.