Border conflict (1990)

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Map of the Karelian Isthmus with the new border, according to the proposals of the Soviet delegation at the negotiations in October 1939 (animation).

Map showing the islands in the Gulf of Finland, which were claimed by the USSR. Newsreel from 1939: the arrival of a train at the Helsinki railway station.

Paasikivi and members of the delegation at the negotiations with the USSR walk along the carriage.

A queue on one of the streets of Helsinki (panorama).

Finnish volunteers in formation on the streets of Helsinki.

A demonstration of representatives of the Helsinki public at the US Embassy (top), the participants of the demonstration sing the American anthem.

A unit of volunteers marches along the street of Helsinki.

Digging trenches in the city park.

The bucket of a Finnish excavator rakes in soil, the excavator operator at the levers.

The hands and face of the excavator operator.

Newsreel from 1939: views of the Royal Palace and Parliament in Stockholm in October 1939. Cars with delegates arriving for a conference of Scandinavian heads of state.

Kings Gustav V of Sweden, Haakon VII of Norway, Christian X of Denmark and President of Finland Kallio enter one of the halls of the palace.

Faces of the kings and the president during the negotiations.

Demonstration in front of the Royal Palace in Stockholm.

Participants in the meeting go out onto the palace balcony.

Views of the demonstration (from above).

Sandbags covering shop windows on the streets of Helsinki.

A defensive structure made of sandbags and earth.

An engineering unit of the Finnish army walks along a country road.

Finnish sappers constructing wood and earth defensive structures and firing points.

An artillery firing position on the Mannerheim Line.

An anti-aircraft gunner on duty at a machine gun.

Red Army greatcoats and hats hang in a row on a coat rack in the barracks.

Cadets clean their boots.

The Red Army commander at home gets ready for work.

Performance by the Red Army ensemble.

Cadets of the tank school learn to drive a tank on a simulator.

Studying the material part of a tank.

A cadet artilleryman works with a compass.

A model of a tank drives over obstacles made of rifle cartridges.

Soviet tanks during exercises.

The soloist of the military ensemble performs a song (synchronously).

A tank unit of the Red Army during exercises.

TB-3 heavy bombers take off.

The commander of a Cossack cavalry unit gives commands while sitting in the saddle.

Chopping vines in one of the Cossack units of the Red Army.

Faces of Cossacks chopping vines on the move.

Attack of the Soviet cavalry.

An elderly veteran with a string bag in his hand walks along one of the embankments of Leningrad, wet snow is falling.

The veteran walks along the street past an old chair standing on the street near the front entrance.

Newsreel from 1939: Molotov V.M. walks through the Kremlin courtyard.

Molotov at his desk in his office.

A motorcyclist unit at the parade on Red Square on November 7, 1939. Stalin I.V. and Molotov greet the passing troops from the rostrum of the mausoleum.

Heavy artillery passes through Red Square.

Photo portraits and photographs by Finnish diplomat Vaino Alfred Tanner.

Newsreel from 1939: machine tools at the parade on Red Square on November 7, 1939. Foreign military attachés watch the passing armored vehicles.

Heavy T-35 tanks pass through Red Square.

Paasikivi and members of the Finnish delegation exiting a train carriage upon returning to Helsinki in November 1939 for consultations.

Members of the delegation walking along the platform.

Molotov, Voroshilov K.E. and Stalin in the Kremlin during a meeting.

Texts of articles in Soviet newspapers about the deterioration of relations with Finland, cartoons, a report on the provocation in Mainila.

Text of the note of the Soviet government, published in the newspaper.

Cartoons of the Finnish militarism.

Text of Molotov's speech, published in the Soviet press.

Publications in Soviet newspapers against the Finnish militarism.

Newsreel from 1939: a speaker at a factory rally talks about the provocation in Mainila, condemns Finland, calls for resistance to the Finnish militarism (synchronously and off-screen).

Faces of rally participants.

Soviet border guard at his post.

Coats of arms of the USSR and Finland on border signs.

Soviet artillery conducts night artillery preparation for an offensive on Finnish territory.

Heavy tanks enter Finnish territory on November 30, 1939. Soviet infantry, aviation, and tanks on the offensive on the Karelian Isthmus.

Infantry on the offensive.

Artillery fires at the enemy.

Warships of the Baltic Fleet on a campaign.

Views and panoramas of the Finnish coast, launching a boat with troops.

The Baltic Fleet Marines land on Gogland Island (Suursaari) and take up a bridgehead.

Infantry attack in one of the settlements.

A Red Navy sailor with a rifle walks along the shore.

Soviet bombers fly over.

Residents of Helsinki in one of the bomb shelters.

Views of Helsinki streets after air raids, evacuation of the wounded from the destruction zone.

Burning buildings in Helsinki.

Finnish children evacuated from the combat zone land at an airfield in Sweden.

Children with signs around their necks are led off the bus and into the shelter building.

Volunteers with children in their arms.

A protest demonstration in support of Finland in one of the European cities.

Finnish President Kallio announces the self-dissolution of the government on December 1, 1939. Kallio talks with the new Prime Minister of Finland Risto Ryti.

The face of Foreign Minister Tanner.

Minister without portfolio Paasikivi during a government meeting.

A meeting of the new Finnish government.

A panorama of the central part of the Finnish town of Terijoki occupied by Soviet troops (above).

Street views of Terijoki.

Finnish People's Army sentries at the entrance to the Soviet military administration building.

Portraits and photographs of Otto Kuusinen, appointed head of the Finnish people's government.

The text of the Treaty of Friendship and Mutual Assistance between the USSR and the Finnish Democratic Republic and photographs of the signing of the treaty, published in the Soviet press.

Portraits of members of the government of democratic Finland - Antilla, Mauri Rosenberg, A. Eikia, P. Prokkonen.

A photograph of the oath-taking ceremony of one of the units of the Finnish People's Army.

Photographs of soldiers and commanders of the Finnish People's Army.

Newsreel from 1939: Kuusinen speaks at a meeting of the Red Army commanders and servicemen of the Finnish People's Army.

Finnish citizens go to enlist in the army.

A line of volunteers at a recruiting station, faces of reservists.

A carpenter saws and marks wooden blocks, the hands and face of a carpenter.

Newsreel from 1939: a view of Geneva.

Participants in the extraordinary assembly of the League of Nations in the corridors.

Participants in the assembly walk along the corridor.

Faces of the participants in the assembly.

Views of the League of Nations meeting room.

Faces of American Red Cross volunteers.

Foreign volunteers near ambulances.

Newsreel from 1939: collection of humanitarian aid for Finland by the International Red Cross in the cities of Western Europe.

Sorting the collected footwear and clothing.

Loading bags of things and food into a van.

Faces of foreign volunteers heading to Finland.

Seeing off volunteers at the station.

Teaching arriving volunteers to ski, the face of a Finnish officer-instructor.

Sledding and winter entertainment in the USSR. Start of the skiing competition.

Participants of the military-sports relay race at one of the stages, at the grenade throwing line.

Schoolchildren greet the relay race participants running on skis.

Red Army soldiers and commanders in the forest on the Karelian Isthmus in December 1939. A political worker conducts political information.

Faces of commanders and Red Army soldiers.

Red Army soldiers during a meeting.

A political worker speaks.

Red Army soldiers by the fire.

Presentation of gifts to Red Army soldiers.

Red Army soldiers unwrapping gifts sent from the rear.

Text of a letter that was in one of the parcels.

A brass band and demonstrators march down a city street in December 1939. People going to the elections to the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. Receiving ballots at one of the polling stations.

Voter registration at the polling station.

People dropping ballots into ballot boxes.

An elderly man helping his wife in the kitchen, grating cabbage.

Newsreel from 1939: political workers at the front line use a loudspeaker to address Finnish soldiers with an offer to surrender.

Loudspeakers of a mobile radio station.

Finnish soldiers carry a loudspeaker to the front line in the forest.

A Finnish officer conducts counter-propaganda.

A Finnish soldier walks through the forest on skis, scattering leaflets.

Finnish winter landscapes, Finnish troops moving along the roads.

A train arriving at the station.

Refugees from northern Finland getting off a train car.

Children's faces sitting in a sleigh.

Funeral of refugees who died on the road, view of the funeral procession.

Helsinki residents holding Christmas trees.

Selling Christmas tree decorations and garlands on the streets of the city.

People buying Christmas tree decorations.

Sellers and customers in the Christmas tree decoration department of a Moscow store, children's faces.

A serviceman making a New Year's toast.

Red Army commanders at the New Year's table.

New Year's masquerade ball in one of the Community Centers, faces of dancing people.

Red Army soldiers in white camouflage robes secretly moving forward.

New Year's skating at the rink.

Broken motorcades and supply trains of the 44th Rifle Division, which was surrounded north of Lake Ladoga.

Artillery and tanks abandoned on the roadsides in January 1940. Frozen corpses of commanders and Red Army soldiers.

Abandoned small arms.

Soviet prisoners of war climb out of the back of a truck after arriving at the camp.

Soviet prisoners of war in formation on the camp grounds (panorama).

Faces of prisoners of war.

Prisoners chop wood.

Prisoners read the Gospel.

Prisoners at the table and on the bunks.

Faces of captured Red Army commanders.

Prisoners on the camp grounds.

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Newsreel from 1940: smoking ruins of Helsinki districts in March 1940. Red Army soldiers hoist a red banner on one of the buildings in Vyborg.

Red banner over the city hall.

People washing in a public bathhouse.

People in the bathhouse locker room.

A man buys a bottle of beer.

An elderly man dries himself with a sheet.

The washed men talk and get dressed.

An elderly man sits in the locker room, wrapped in a sheet.

Newsreel from 1940. Small arms taken by the Red Army as trophies.

Finnish soldiers at the entrance to a barracks.

Obituaries in a Finnish newspaper.

A Red Army convoy moves along a forest road.

Residents of areas ceded to the USSR leave their hometowns.

A convoy with belongings moves along the road.

Finnish rangers in formation.

Faces of Finnish soldiers and officers of various branches of the armed forces.

Finnish flags lowered in mourning.

Residents of a Finnish city buying newspapers on the street, reading Mannerheim's address to the Finnish people.

View of one of the streets of Helsinki.

Panorama of part of the festive fair, sale of balloons.

Faces of visitors to the fair.

Children playing.

Performance of an amateur folk orchestra, people listening to music.

National flags of Finland on the roof of a building.

Newsreel from 1940: meeting of Red Army troops in Leningrad after the end of the Soviet-Finnish War.

Leningraders give flowers to soldiers and commanders.

Red Army soldiers in the back of trucks on the streets of Leningrad.

Red Army soldiers respond to greetings of Leningraders.

View of part of Nevsky Prospekt during the passage of a tank column (above).

Veteran I.F. Danichenko plays the button accordion, sitting by the window of his apartment.

Elderly Finnish musician Sullo Lavonen plays the violin.

Photo portraits of Lavonen in his youth and during his military service.

Lavonen's wedding photo.

Post-war photos of Lavonen with family members.

Photos and portraits of I.F. Danichenko in different years.