NEP: Lessons of History (1988)

People on a street in Leningrad, with homemade market stalls on the street.

Newsreel from the 1920s: views of a passing tram (above).

Traffic controllers at Moscow intersections.

A tram passes.

Shop windows and signs of commercial organizations on the streets of Moscow during the NEP years, people on the streets.

Newsreel in negative: Moscow streets during the NEP years, faces of restaurant patrons.

Fragments of the feature film "The Man from the Restaurant".

Caricatures of NEPmen.

Newsreel: people on the streets of Moscow in the mid-1920s.

Views of Moscow streets, shop windows, automobile and horse-drawn transport.

Faces of participants in a Komsomol festive event.

Participants in a demonstration in Petrograd are holding a banner with a slogan in support of the Red Terror in 1918. View of a city street.

Corpses of killed soldiers on the street.

A speaker delivering a speech at the funeral of a revolutionary leader.

Faces of Red Army soldiers and commanders shouting "Hurray!" Kremlin cadets during a bayonet fighting lesson, interspersed with photographs.

Clearing one of Petrograd's bridges of snow and ice.

Unloading firewood during a subbotnik in Petrograd in 1919. Workers clearing the territory of an enterprise.

The storming of rebellious Kronstadt in March 1921. Starving peasants leaving their native places.

A horse straining from its harness.

Blindfolding a cadet before fencing training.

A "blind" fencing lesson.

Lenin V.I., Zagorsky V.M., Tibor Szamuely, Belenky A.Ya. walk along Red Square during the Day of Universal Military Training on May 25, 1919. Photographs of Lenin during the work of the 3rd Congress of the Comintern in 1921. Newsreel: the translation of a railway switch and a semaphore.

The wheels of a locomotive turning.

View of the front of a locomotive.

Photograph of voting delegates.

View of a meeting.

Faces of peasants buying shoes in a village store.

Views of Sukharevsky Market, trade at the market.

The face of a butcher.

Sale of blankets and fabrics.

The face of a buyer.

The face of Rykov A.I. Mikoyan A.I., Sokolnikov G.Ya., Rykov A.I. at a meeting of the Council of People's Commissars.

A poster with the names of newly opened trade and industrial firms.

Trade in food products at the market during the NEP years.

Hand-selling ladies' underwear.

A street shoe shiner at work.

Visitors to a public canteen during lunch.

Posters in support of the formation of various cooperatives.

A photograph of participants in a meeting of one of the cooperatives.

Loaders carry sacks of grain into the warehouse.

Cars drive out of the garage.

A street sprinkler.

A poster hanger at work.

A group of engineers.

Signing a concession agreement with foreigners.

A model of a locomotive during a demonstration.

Shop windows on Tverskaya Street in Moscow.

A panorama of one of the small markets, food trade.

Entrance to a grocery store, an advertisement for eggs at the entrance, a display case with product samples.

People riding the carousel.

Customers entering the store.

Sausages on the counters.

Pyramids of jars of black caviar in the Kommunar store.

Salespeople behind the counter.

Customers' faces.

Putting caviar into jars.

People dancing in one of the clubs.

People at the entrance to one of the art exhibitions (panorama).

A photograph of people standing at the entrance to an exhibition of Petrograd artists.

View of a park with flowerbeds in Leningrad in 1924-1926 (above), trams passing by.

Portrait of Lenin behind partially wiped glass (combined photography).

Checking the documents of the delegates to the next congress of the RCP(b).

The delegates are walking to the meeting, among them Sokolnikov, Skvortsov-Stepanov I.I. Fingers of a hand tapping on the surface of the table.

A hand covers up a child's drawing with a pencil.

Panorama and view of a part of the territory of an abandoned industrial enterprise.

Photograph of Lenin among the delegates of the 10th All-Russian Conference of the RCP(b).

Lenin's chair in his office in the Kremlin.

Photograph of Lenin at the table in his office.

The participants in the meeting discuss the next issue, the faces of the participants in the meeting.

Portrait of L.B. Krasin.

Winnowing grain at the grain threshing floor.

Equipment in operation in the workshop of a weaving factory.

Applauding participants in the meeting.

Molotov V.M., Stalin I.V., Voroshilov K.E., Kaganovich L.M. among the delegates of the 16th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) in 1930. Views and panorama of Red Square in the 1920s (top).

A 1925 poster with advertising leaflets for companies and enterprises.

A photograph of meeting participants.

Peasants going to work.

Loading hay onto a cart in 1925-1927. A grain threshing floor, hay harvesting, mowers sharpening their scythes in unison.

The face of I. T. Smilga, Deputy Chairman of the USSR State Planning Committee.

Production processes in the workshops of restored heavy industry enterprises, workers’ faces.

A photograph of peasants standing by carts with sacks of grain at a grain collection point. N. I. Bukharin. I. V. Stalin, E. M. Yaroslavsky, and A. S. Yenukidze on the tribune of Lenin’s Mausoleum in the mid-1920s.

Photo collage with portraits of members of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks).

Workers tightening a rope.

Portrait of Stalin.

A photograph of Kalinin among workers.

Kaganovich, Molotov, Stalin and delegates to the 16th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) walk through the Kremlin to the congress session.

Checking the credentials of the congress delegates.

Molotov and his interlocutor walk through the Kremlin.

Checking the credentials of the congress delegates at the entrance to the building.

Torn photo albums with the photographs taken out.

Photo portraits of technical specialists from among the pre-revolutionary intelligentsia.

Views of one of the city outskirts.

People at a shop window reading information leaflets exposing private traders.

An orator speaking at a village rally.

The face of F.E. Dzerzhinsky.

Portrait of Dzerzhinsky.

Photograph of Dzerzhinsky with Stalin.

Photograph of the members of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks), headed by Stalin.

Molotov, Kaganovich, Stalin and delegates to the 16th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) walk through the Kremlin.

Voroshilov talks with Stalin on the Kremlin grounds during the work of the 16th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks).

Stalin speaks in front of a microphone.

Participants in the meeting in the Tauride Palace stand up and applaud, among them are A. I. Yegorov and S. M. Budyonny.

People walk past shop windows.

Streets of Moscow during the NEP. A poster with a photo collage of portraits of members of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks).

Sunset.

Demonstrations on the streets of Moscow in the late 1920s.

Posters dedicated to perestroika behind the glass of Leningrad shop windows.

People on the streets of modern Leningrad.