History lessons (1984)

View of the monument to the heroes of the Great Patriotic War in Leningrad (from bottom to top).

Military orchestras march along Nevsky Prospect on Victory Day.

View of the Anichkov Bridge during the passage of the military orchestra.

Children give flowers to veterans walking along Nevsky Prospect.

Veterans with flowers in their hands walk along Nevsky Prospect.

People standing on the sidewalks applaud the veterans passing by.

Views of Nevsky Prospect during the festive procession of war veterans (from top).

Faces of veterans passing by, the monument to M.I. Kutuzov near the Kazan Cathedral.

The face of one of the veterans, his military awards.

View of the memorial complex on Mamayev Kurgan.

A veteran carries his grandson in his arms.

Veterans lay flowers on the graves of the fallen.

The face of a veteran, flowers on a tombstone.

Monuments to the heroes of the Great Patriotic War in the cities of the USSR. Newsreel: figures of chimeras and gargoyles on the building of Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris.

View of one of the Nazi torchlight processions in Germany in 1933 (top).

SS parade in Berlin.

Stormtroopers march along the pavement, raising their hands in a Nazi salute (top).

German tanks are moving.

People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs Litvinov MM speaks from the rostrum at a meeting of the League of Nations in 1934. Panorama of the meeting of the League of Nations.

Hitler A. speaks from the rostrum.

Mussolini B. speaks from the balcony of the royal palace during a rally of Italian fascists in Rome.

Military operations in Abyssinia during the Italo-Abyssinian War of 1935-1936. Japanese planes bomb Chinese cities during the aggression of 1937. Photographs of Vienna after the Anschluss of Austria by Germany in 1938. Newsreel from 1938: Hitler's arrival to sign the Munich Agreement.

Hitler walks along the red carpet to the palace entrance.

Faces of Czechoslovak diplomats.

A SS soldier at his post.

Mussolini and British Prime Minister N. Chamberlain sign the Munich Agreement.

Chamberlain is met at the airport after his arrival from Munich.

Chamberlain gives a speech after getting off the plane and shows a copy of the agreement.

Fragments of an old clock on a tower in Prague, moving figures.

Nazi stormtroopers march with standards.

Residents of Prague raise their hands in a Nazi salute.

German soldiers open the barrier on the German-Polish border on September 1, 1939. View of part of Warsaw from the cockpit of an airplane.

Panorama of the burning city.

The wall of a residential building falls.

Exploding buildings, German bombers fly.

German paratroopers in an airplane.

Drop of German airborne troops.

Faces of marching German soldiers, execution of Polish patriots with a machine gun.

Refugees at a train station in France during the evacuation in 1940. A crying French soldier in a train car window.

German troops enter the Champs Elysees near the Arc de Triomphe on June 14, 1940. German troops on the streets of Paris, faces of Parisians.

Panorama of part of the base of the Eiffel Tower.

German soldiers with the flag of the Third Reich.

German soldiers drinking French wine.

Hitler and officers hover over a map while planning the next military operation.

Hitler, Mussolini and Goering discuss joint actions at the fronts.

Execution of communists by German troops.

Prisoners of one of the concentration camps.

Views of the streets of Moscow and the Moscow Kremlin in the late 1930s.

Everyday life in Moscow.

Arrival of a commuter train in Moscow (top).

People on the streets of Moscow.

A double-decker trolleybus passes.

People inside the trolleybus.

Hitler's arrival at headquarters.

Hitler among the generals during the development of the Barbarossa plan.

Hitler and Mussolini during the discussion of the plan.

Maps from the Barbarossa plan, arrows on the maps, planes and tanks against the background of the maps (animation, combined filming).

German tanks on the march after entering the territory of the USSR in June 1941. German bombers in flight.

The aftermath of an airstrike.

Combat operations in the Brest Fortress (fragments of feature films).

An anti-tank gun crew fires at German tanks.

Soviet troops conduct combat operations.

A medical orderly carries a wounded soldier out of the vehicle.

Anti-aircraft gunners fire at German planes.

Burning wreckage of a downed German plane.

Destroyed German armored vehicles.

A destroyed Soviet tank.

Corpses of Red Army soldiers.

A dead driver in the truck cabin.

A German soldier inspects a truck with bodies of Red Army soldiers shot at from the air.

German soldiers are looting.

Wehrmacht soldiers are passing by burning houses.

Panorama of a burning village, a German soldier is walking along the road.

People who have lost their homes, on the ashes of their houses.

Hitler discusses the details of the next military operation with the military over a map.

The plan for the encirclement and capture of Moscow on a map (animation).

An observer on the roof of a Moscow building in the autumn of 1941 during the Battle of Moscow.

A view of the mausoleum during the military parade on Red Square on November 7, 1941. Stalin I.V. delivers a speech from the rostrum of the mausoleum.

Troops in parade formation march across Red Square on November 7, 1941. Personnel of one of the aviation regiments take the combat oath (panorama).

Soviet fighters taxi to the runway in a snowstorm.

Commander of the Western Front Zhukov G.K. and member of the Front Military Council N.A. Bulganin at the front headquarters.

Soviet artillery fires at the enemy during the counteroffensive near Moscow in December 1941. Fighters and attack aircraft fly on a combat mission.

Bombs explode in the territory occupied by the German occupiers (top).

Red Army units attack the enemy, a tank with troops on its armor.

A ski battalion goes on the attack.

Soviet infantry fights for a village near Moscow.

German prisoners of war run to the rear with their hands raised.

Views of wrecked German vehicles along the road (above).

Panorama of a cluster of abandoned German vehicles covered in snow.

A heavy gun abandoned by the Germans at a firing position.

Corpses of German soldiers.

A woman blesses Red Army soldiers heading west.

Faces of residents of a liberated village during a rally.

A political worker speaks to residents of a liberated village, behind him is a gallows with the bodies of victims of the German occupiers.

Distribution of newspapers and leaflets to residents of a liberated village.

People queue at a newsstand in Moscow.

The armored train "Soviet Armenia" leaves the depot in 1942. View of one of the armored cars.

Views of industrial enterprises of the defense industry, production processes in workshops, workers at machine tools.

New tanks move out of the assembly shop.

A rocket launcher division fires at the enemy.

Barrels of artillery guns firing.

Panorama of the firing position of an artillery battery.

Operation of communications equipment (combined diagram).

A report in the Pravda newspaper about the victory at Stalingrad.

Newsreel: views of the destroyed neighborhoods of Stalingrad after the end of the fighting in January 1943 (top).

A Soviet tank on a street in Stalingrad.

Commanders and Red Army soldiers congratulate each other on the victory at Stalingrad.

Soviet attack aircraft attack a ground target.

Explosions at a railway junction (top).

Combat operations of Soviet troops to liberate the territory of the USSR in 1943-1944. Artillery fires at the enemy.

A burning German tank.

Attack of Soviet tanks.

Marshals of the Soviet Union K.K. Rokossovsky and G.K. Zhukov at the command post in 1944. Soviet military leaders I.S. Konev, F.I. Tolbukhin, and I.Kh.

Bagramyan at army and front headquarters during the development of strategic operations to defeat German troop groups.

General N.F. Vatutin with staff officers at the front line.

Soviet bombers dropping bombs.

Tanks and infantry on the offensive.

Faces of German soldiers, German soldiers and officers in the trenches during combat.

Tank duels during the Battle of Kursk in July 1943. Knocked out and burning German armored vehicles.

The body of a German tanker on the armor of a burning tank.

A shell-shocked German artilleryman sits by a crooked gun.

Soviet soldiers during a rest between battles, photographs of Soviet pilots.

Pianist Emil Gilels gives a concert at the airfield.

View of the church bell tower.

The bell ringer rings the bells.

Soviet troops fight among burning wooden houses, advancing.

Villages and towns destroyed by the German occupiers during their retreat, the face of a Soviet soldier.

Soviet tanks with infantry on their armor move west along the streets of liberated cities.

A crying elderly woman bows to the Soviet tank crews.

Faces of people who survived the Nazi occupation.

Panorama of a ditch with the bodies of civilians tortured by the Germans.

Bodies of victims of the Nazi terror.

Views of the memorial in Khatyn, people on the memorial grounds.

Faces of adults and children (panorama).

Newsreel: partisans in the forests of the occupied territory.

The commissar of a partisan detachment speaks to villagers during a rally, faces of female partisans.

A partisan detachment moves through the forest.

Kovpak S.A. and the commissar of the partisan unit Rudnev S.V. during a meeting.

Partisans are fighting in the occupied territory behind German lines.

The explosion of a German railway train.

Burning carriages.

Explosions of warehouses and military facilities.

Resistance fighters fighting on the streets of Paris in 1944. Yugoslav partisans are fighting, the results of sabotage on the railways.

A German train is derailed.

Residents of a Polish city welcome the Red Army.

A column of German prisoners of war on the street of a Polish city.

Liberation of prisoners of a concentration camp in 1945. Soviet citizens, driven to Germany, demonstrate the Eastern Worker's patch to the Soviet military.

Soviet soldiers and doctors lead children out of the Auschwitz concentration camp in January 1945. The children show off their tattoos with camp numbers, rolling up their sleeves.

Laying flowers at the monument to the prisoners of Buchenwald.

The bell ringer rings the bell.

Newsreel: panorama of part of the liberated city (top).

A German eagle with a swastika thrown to the ground.

Parade of Soviet troops in Vienna in 1945. Faces of people greeting the Soviet soldiers-liberators.

Units of the Red Army march through the streets of liberated cities of Europe.

People wave Soviet soldiers and officers.

Residents of liberated cities greet the Red Army.

Allied planes over the coast of France in 1944 during Operation Overlord.

Bombing of German territory.

Landing of parachute troops, the sky in the domes of parachutes.

Landing of Allied troops on the coast of France.

An American signalman at the telephone during a street fight.

American troops on the street of one of the cities of France.

Spring landscapes of Germany.

Soviet artillery fires at the enemy.

German prisoners of war move through the rubble of houses during street fighting in Berlin.

Soviet armored vehicles on the outskirts of Berlin enter the city.

A panorama of part of the burning Berlin.

Goering drives a car along a street in Berlin past destroyed buildings, refugees on the streets.

Faces of child members of the Hitler Youth sent to the combat zone.

Hitler greets members of the Hitler Youth during his last exit from the bunker in late April 1945. Street fighting in Berlin, artillery fires at the enemy.

Loading a rocket launcher.

A Soviet soldier pulls a German prisoner out of a manhole.

Street fighting in Berlin.

The command of the Berlin garrison leaves the basement of the building and surrenders.

German prisoners of war under escort on the streets of destroyed Berlin.

Distribution of bread and hot food to the residents of Berlin.

The face of a Soviet soldier strengthening the pole of the red flag.

The red banner over Berlin.

Soviet soldiers and officers salute the Victory Banner, waving their hats.

Festive fireworks over Moscow, panoramas and views of Moscow during the fireworks.

Street views of New York, people celebrate the end of the war.

Residents of European cities celebrate the end of the war.

Soviet and American soldiers hug each other.

Zhukov G.K., Eisenhower D. and Montgomery go to the award ceremony.

Zhukov presents Eisenhower with the Order of Victory.

Soldiers of the Soviet Army and the National People's Army of the GDR in the honor guard in Treptower Park in Berlin.

American veterans give interviews, talk about the unacceptability of war for solving world problems (synchronously and off-screen, in English, off-screen translation).

View of the monument to the soldier-liberator, people go to lay flowers at the foot of the monument.

Newsreel: American sailors in formation in the 1960s and 1970s.

Bringing ship missiles to combat readiness.

Bringing missiles and unmanned aerial vehicles to combat readiness.

NATO air force exercises.

American missiles deployed in Europe.

American nuclear weapons tests, an atomic bomb explosion.

Faces of participants in anti-war rallies in Europe.

Anti-war demonstration in London.

Children with anti-war posters.

Anti-war demonstrations and rallies in cities of Europe and the USA in the 1970s.

Panorama of an anti-war rally at the Piskarevskoye Cemetery in Leningrad, laying a wreath at the monument.

A representative of Japan speaking.

Faces of rally participants.

Veterans going to lay flowers at the monument.

Faces of adults and children.

Veterans at the Eternal Flame.

Soviet Army soldiers and veterans lay flowers at the monument.

The face of a female veteran wiping away tears.

The Eternal Flame is burning.

Panorama and views of part of Nevsky Prospect filled with people on Victory Day, May 9 (above).

Festive fireworks in the sky over Leningrad.