Pictures of World War I in Turkey (1915-1916)

Palestine, 1915. Horse artillery passes along the road.

Turkish medics with armbands with the emblem of the red crescent walk past a cart with a stretcher.

Turkish artillerymen (white bandages on their heads) near a gun.

Medics place a wounded man on a stretcher.

A military doctor, accompanied by a medic, comes out of a tent with the emblem of the red crescent, lifts the wounded man, and carries him into the tent.

Ruins of an old fortress.

Against the background of the ruins of the old fortress, Turkish infantry advances in a chain.

Soldiers lie down among the stones, get up, and run to the attack.

Jerusalem.

Square, mosque.

People in the square watch the artillery fire.

The Wailing Wall.

Inscriptions in Hebrew on the stones.

Prayers.

Palestine, 1915. A car passes along the road with a Turkish general in it, accompanied by officers.

Cavalry and camel riders pass by.

A convoy moves: carts harnessed with oxen.

Two-wheeled carts harnessed with mules pass by.

A Turkish general and the officers accompanying him watch the loaded camels and mules passing along the road.

Cavalrymen pass by, a column of Turkish infantry passes.

The commander of the 4th Army of the Syrian-Palestinian Front, Jamal Pasha Ahmed, is riding on horseback, watching a column of Turkish infantry passing along the road.

The commander of the 4th Army of the Syrian-Palestinian Front, Jamal Pasha Ahmed, is riding on horseback with a group of officers.

A convoy of horse-drawn vehicles and horse artillery passes along the road.

A group of Turkish officers are studying a map.

Soldiers-medics carry a stretcher, accompany a wounded man.

A soldier-medic runs with a box of medicines.

Ottoman Empire.

Constantinople, 1915. A column of prisoners of war of the British army passes by: Scots, soldiers of the Australian and New Zealand Corps under the escort of Turkish gendarmes.

A spring.

Turkish cavalrymen water their horses.

A Turkish officer rides past the spring.

Field bakery.

Baking bread in the field.

Bakers.

Constantinople.

The Sultan's Palace of Dolmabahce (on the European side of the Bosphorus).

Turkish guardsmen march in parade formation across the square in front of the palace.

The standard-bearer is in front.

On the steps of the palace stand soldiers of the Sultan's Palace Guard, representatives of the Turkish command, Vice-Generalissimo of the Turkish army Enver Pasha, and German officers.

Palestine, [Gaza].

Ruins of a city, destroyed city buildings, houses.

Turkish soldiers pass by, a cart and horsemen pass by.

Smoking ruins, windmills.

Gallipoli, 1915. Turkish soldiers stand near the tents at the foot of the hill, soldiers pass by with stretchers, ladders and poles.

A Turkish soldier is stretching a wire.

Turkish signalmen pass by the stretched wire.

They are carrying a reel, poles and ladders.

An orderly on a scooter passes by.

A radio station.

A radio station mast.

A Turkish signalman with headphones is making notes in a notebook.

Nearby is a Turkish soldier-telephone operator.

The soldier is spinning the dynamo of the radio station.

Turkish signalmen are adjusting the dynamo.

Gallipoli, 1915. German cavalry general, marshal of the Turkish service Liman von Sanders, accompanied by an adjutant - a major of the German service, Turkish officers emerge from the thicket of bushes, talk near a car parked nearby.

Standing near the car: Liman von Sanders, an adjutant, Turkish officers; they salute Duke Adolf Friedrich of Mecklenburg emerging from the thicket of bushes.

Liman von Sanders shakes hands with the adjutant, they get into the car, and drive away.

Turkish soldiers in the trenches, sandbags on the parapet of the trenches, firing rifles, reloading rifles.

A wounded soldier falls, a medic with a red crescent armband on his sleeve bends over him, provides assistance to the wounded man, puts a bandage on his head.

The medics come up, put the wounded man on a stretcher, carry him out of the trench.

Turkish medics carry a wounded man on a stretcher, go down the stairs.

Field hospital.

The wounded are on beds, bed linen.

Only their feet in boots are visible.

The wounded are sitting on the beds.

A Turkish officer, accompanied by a doctor, goes around the wounded.

The doctor makes his rounds, checks the pulse.

Field hospital under a stretched awning.

Turkish soldiers and medics with knapsacks (a red crescent on the knapsacks) are standing at the entrance.

The soldiers go under the awning, come out from under the awning.

Doctors in white coats are operating on a leg at the operating table.

An assistant hands over an instrument.

Turkish artillery.

A gun crew at a gun camouflaged with branches.

A Turkish officer gives an order, points in the direction with his hands.

The gun fires, reloads.

Turkish officers salute.

A general stands ahead.

A group of Turkish officers passes by against a seascape and enters a brick building.

A group of Turkish officers led by a general passes by against a brick building.

A field hospital.

The wounded lie on their beds, flies crawl on the beds.

Gallipoli.

Liman von Sanders accompanied by a group of Turkish officers.

A group of Turkish officers led by a general passes by, stops, the general gives orders.

A group of Turkish officers led by General Mehmet Essat Bulkat, commander of the 3rd corps, pray, hands folded in front of their chest.

Turkish officers led by General Mehmet Essat Bulkat, commander of the 3rd corps, salute.

Turkish soldiers with knapsacks, wearing headdresses camouflaged with twigs, pass by.

Scooters and horsemen ride by.

Turkish soldiers lead mules loaded with boxes and ladders by the bridle.

Constantinople, October 1916. Funeral of the German ambassador to the Ottoman Empire, Baron H.F. von Wangenheim.

A military orchestra and a column of German soldiers pass by.

Turkish officers and field gendarmes pass by.

A German officer [von Neurath] follows them, carrying a small pillow with the deceased's medals.

A funeral carriage carries a coffin.

Sailors of the German squadron and Turkish officers carry funeral wreaths.

Behind the carriage with the coffin, a German cavalry officer leads the deceased's horse by the bridle.

A pastor, civilians and military personnel pass by.

Among them are: Field Marshal Colmar von der Goltz, Commander-in-Chief of the Turkish Navy Admiral V. Souchon, Cavalry General Liman von Sanders, representatives of the Austro-Hungarian Army, Turkish officers, Jamal Pasha Ahmed, German naval officers, representatives of the diplomatic corps.

An honor guard of sailors from the German squadron at the coffin covered with a German flag.

A group of civilians, military personnel.

A panorama of Field Marshal Colmar von der Goltz, a group of Turkish officers accompanied by adjutants and field gendarmes.

A funeral procession.

Turkish officers and German sailors carry funeral wreaths.

One of the wreaths is from the officers of the German squadron.

Constantinople, 1915. Parade ground.

Austro-Hungarian artillery instructors at a heavy gun.

They bring up shells.

Turkish artillerymen load the gun.

Their actions are observed by Austro-Hungarian artillery instructors and a Turkish officer.

An Austro-Hungarian officer loads a cannon.

On the parade ground, German and Turkish officers stand at the cannon, Turkish artillery soldiers are running.

German and Turkish artillerymen set up the cannon and load it.

A German artillery instructor shows how to handle the cannon.

A mountain cannon with a protective shield.

Turkish artillery soldiers disassemble the protective shield.

Austro-Hungarian artillerymen at a cannon (mortar), set up a rangefinder-sight.

Panorama: Austro-Hungarian telephone operators, raising the cannon barrel.

Parade ground.

Turkish and Austro-Hungarian artillerymen at a gun: dismantling it, moving the gun barrel to a nearby carriage; removing the wheels from the gun, loading it onto a mule.

Gun crew at a mortar.

Parade ground.

Mountain gun.

Turkish artillerymen learning to dismantle a gun: dismantling the protective shield, removing the wheels.

Austro-Hungarian artillery soldiers at a mortar: loading the mortar.

Austro-Hungarian telephone operators.

Panorama: mortar, lowering the barrel.

Parade ground.

German and Turkish artillery soldiers turning the gun, learning how to operate the gun, setting the gun in position, bringing in shells.

Constantinople, 1915. Dolmabahce Sultan's Palace (on the European side of the Bosphorus).

On the steps are soldiers of the Sultan's palace guard, Sultan Muhammad V is emerging from the palace doors.

On the steps of the Dolmabahce Palace are Sultan Muhammad V, Vice Generalissimo of the Turkish Army Enver Pasha, General of the Cavalry Liman von Sanders, and General Field Marshal Colmar von der Goltz.

Representatives of the clergy are standing.

A Turkish soldier is shifting stones under the supervision of a Turkish officer.

Turkish soldiers at a halt: they are eating from one dish under the supervision of a non-commissioned officer.

A tent camp at the foot of a hill, awnings.

Turkish soldiers at a halt.

Rifles are stacked in sawhorses.

There are orderlies present.

A circular panorama.

Hilly terrain.

Turkish soldiers are advancing in a chain.

General of the Cavalry Liman von Sanders in a group of German and Turkish officers is observing the exercises.

Constantinople, March 23, 1916. Visit of Field Marshal August von Mackensen.

Constantinople.

Field Marshal August von Mackensen, Inspector General of the Black Sea Straits G. von Usedom, accompanied by military and civilians, walk up the stairs.

They are followed by Cavalry General Liman von Sanders, Commander-in-Chief of the Turkish Navy Admiral W. Souchon, Duke Adolf Friedrich of Maclenburg, Turkish and German naval officers and civilians.

Constantinople, April 1916. Funeral of Field Marshal Colmar von der Goltz.

The coffin is covered with the flag of the Ottoman Empire.

On the coffin lie a lambskin cap and a helmet with a pike (Pickelhaube).

An honor guard at the coffin.

A panorama: a military priest gives a speech.

German soldiers marching in formation.

German and Turkish soldiers carrying funeral wreaths.

German officers follow, carrying small pillows with the orders of the deceased.

Participants in the funeral ceremony, relatives, ladies in black dresses and veils.

The Hagia Sophia mosque is visible in the background.

Funeral procession: German sailors with wreaths, Turkish soldiers, a military orchestra, soldiers of the Sultan's palace guard with wreaths.

German officers carrying small pillows with the orders of the deceased.

Golden Horn Bay.

German sailors in fezzes remove the coffin from the gun carriage and carry it aboard a steam launch.

Sailors aboard the steam launch lay funeral wreaths.

A Turkish officer salutes the German naval officers standing aboard the steam launch.

On the pier are Austro-Hungarian officers, Turkish officials, Vice Generalissimo of the Turkish Army Enver Pasha, Minister of the Interior Talaat Pasha, General of the Cavalry Liman von Sanders, Grand Vizier Said Halim Pasha.

A steam launch departs from the pier.

Funeral wreaths are loaded on board the steam launch.

Turkish and German naval officers stand on the pier.

The territory of the German embassy in Constantinople.

An honor guard at the coffin of Field Marshal Colmar von der Goltz.

The coffin is covered with the flag of the Ottoman Empire.

Poland: soldiers of the Sultan's Guard, military and civilians, participants in the funeral ceremony.

A naval orchestra passes by, soldiers of the Sultan's Palace Guard carry funeral wreaths.

Palestine.

Jerusalem.

Omar Mosque.

Wailing Wall.

Hebrew inscriptions on the stones.

Prayers.

Constantinople, 1916. Square in front of Hagia Sophia.

People passing by on the square.

Religious procession with banners.

Cavalrymen ride by on horseback, a military orchestra passes.

Palestine.

An ambulance train – carts with red crescent flags – passes along a country road.

A tent with the emblem of the red crescent.

A military doctor, accompanied by Turkish soldiers – orderlies, carry a wounded man into the tent.

The doctor, accompanied by Turkish soldiers – orderlies, comes out of the tent and dismantles the ambulance tent.

A group of Turkish officers stands at the side of the road.

A general points his riding crop at the passing cavalrymen.

A car drives up, the driver opens the door, the general gets into the car.

Turkish camel cavalry gallops along the road.

Parade.

Cavalrymen with pikes and caps with sultans on their heads ride by.

A group of Turkish officers studies a map and watches through binoculars.

Gallipoli, 1915. A group of Turkish officers exchange greetings and salute each other.

A car drives by.

Inside, under an awning, is an officer wearing glasses.

A Turkish officer walks behind the car.

Constantinople.

A panorama of a formation of soldiers of the Sultan's palace guard and a military orchestra.

Gallipoli.

Turkish soldiers fix bayonets to their rifles and emerge from behind a wicker fence.

Turkish soldiers climb a mountain.

Constantinople.

A group of Turkish officers, including a military pilot, on board a ship of the German squadron.

A column of English prisoners of war, soldiers of the Australian and New Zealand Corps, passes by.

Constantinople, 23 March 1916. Visit of Field Marshal August von Mackensen.

German soldiers on board a warship.

In the background, a group of officers approaches: a delegation headed by Field Marshal A. von Mackensen.

Boarding the ship are Field Marshal A. von Mackensen, Inspector General of the Black Sea Straits Admiral G. von Usedom, accompanied by Master of Ceremonies Faud Bey.

Palestine.

A detachment of Turkish cavalry passes along the road.

In front are Turkish officers on horseback, a horseman with the standard of the army commander.

The commander of the 4th Army of the Syrian-Palestine Front, Jamal Pasha Ahmed, on horseback, watches a column of Turkish infantry passing along the road.

The commander of the 4th Army of the Syrian-Palestinian Front, Jamal Pasha Ahmed, is riding a horse in a group of officers.

Turkish infantry, orderlies, and a military orchestra pass by on the road.

Turkish soldiers lead mules carrying ammunition boxes by the bridle.

Turkish cavalry and standard bearers pass by on the road.

Gallipoli.

Field hospital.

Turkish soldiers with rifles in their hands and knapsacks on their backs emerge from under the awning.

Turkish soldiers dash in the trench, an officer in front; they take up a firing position.

Among them is a medical orderly.

Turkish soldiers under the command of an officer emerge from the trench.

Turkish General Mehmet Essat Bulkat, commander of the 3rd Corps, is in position with his staff; he is sitting at a table in front of laid out maps.

A telephone operator with a field telephone.

A Turkish officer approaches the general; the general gives an order, points out points on the map.

One of the officers beckons another officer with a hand gesture.

The officer approaches, unfolds the report, and hands it to the general.

An orderly rode up on horseback.

The officer handed him the report.

The general gives an order to the officers.

The officers leave.

The officer speaks on the field telephone.

The general gives an order, looks through binoculars, gets up from the table.

Gallipoli.

Turkish soldiers at a rest stop under awnings; they are sitting on the ground and smoking.

Inspection of troops at their positions.

General of the Cavalry Liman von Sanders gets out of a car and walks along the line of Turkish soldiers, accompanied by German officers.

A group of German and Turkish officers are talking.

Constantinople.

The Sultan's Dolmabahce Palace (on the European side of the Bosphorus).

Soldiers of the Sultan's Palace Guard are descending the stairs.

Vice-Generalissimo of the Turkish Army Enver Pasha comes out of the doors and gets into the car.

A Turkish general comes out of the palace doors, salutes, and the car drives away.

The Turkish general and civilians are standing at the doors.

Constantinople, March 23, 1916. The carriage of Sultan Muhammad V drives along the street.

The carriage is accompanied by a retinue and the Sultan's guard.

The carriage stops at the entrance to the administrative building.

Sultan Muhammad V gets out of the carriage.

Dolmabahce Sultan's Palace.

Turkish guards march in a ceremonial formation across the square in front of the palace.

The standard bearer is in front.

Soldiers of the Sultan's Palace Guard, representatives of the Turkish command, Vice Generalissimo of the Turkish army Enver Pasha, and German officers stand on the steps of the palace.

An honor guard from the Sultan's Palace Guard stands at the porch.

Master of Ceremonies Faud Bey and Field Marshal August von Mackensen, holding a field marshal's baton in his hand, descend the stairs, salute, and shake hands with the Turkish dignitary. A. von Mackensen gets into the carriage.

The carriage drives off.

The carriage arrives.

The Inspector General of the Black Sea Straits, Admiral G. von Usedom, gets in.

The German officers accompanying Field Marshal Mackensen come down the stairs, say goodbye, get into the carriage, and drive away.

A car drives up, a German naval officer and Duke Adolf Friedrich of Maclenburg get in, and the car drives away.

A parade.

Austro-Hungarian rangers with knapsacks on their backs march in formation.