Burning Sands (1989)

Historical monuments of Libya and Egypt.

Paintings with scenes of Napoleon's Egyptian campaign.

Fragments of the painting "Suvorov's Crossing the Alps".

Interview with Colonel General D.A. Volkogonov (synchronously).

Newsreel of World War II and the Great Patriotic War, alternating with fragments of paintings of colonial wars in Africa and the Middle East, paintings of naval battles, the enslavement of the indigenous population of Africa and caricatures on an anti-colonial theme.

Newsreel: everyday life and work of the population of the colonies of North Africa and Latin America.

The work of the indigenous population on plantations and mines.

Gold bars in a bank vault.

African miners leave the mine after a shift.

Black workers carry baskets of cotton on their heads.

The work of the indigenous population in the colonies.

The building of the Historical Scientific Center of Libya, cars in the parking lot.

Interview with the Director of the Center Mohamed Al-Jarari (synchronously and behind the scenes).

Newsreel: work on the plantations.

Distribution of grain to the starving.

Faces of women and children.

The production process at a textile factory, manual labor.

Reprisals by white colonizers against protesting indigenous populations of colonies in Africa and Asia and other African countries, dispersal of rallies and demonstrations.

Detention and beating of black demonstrators by the colonial police.

Blacks working on plantations, cutting down palm trees.

Manual cultivation of the land, using hoes.

An open-air concentration camp for blacks.

Interview with the Director of the Institute of Africa of the USSR Academy of Sciences Anatoly Gromyko (synchronously and behind the scenes).

Newsreel: an anti-colonialist uprising in one of the African colonies, warriors of one of the tribes on a campaign.

Fragments of the feature film: boarding black slaves into the hold.

An overseer in the hold beats slaves with a whip.

Funeral of freedom fighters from colonial oppression, faces of black participants in the funeral procession.

Episodes of armed struggle against the colonizers.

Faces of starving black residents of African colonies - adults and children.

Camp of starving people (panorama).

Map of the Ottoman Empire's possessions in the early 19th century.

Portraits of Napoleon Bonaparte.

Map of the colonial conquests of Arab countries by France, England and Italy in the 19th and early 20th centuries (animation).

Newsreel from the early 20th century: Emperor Nicholas II's ceremonial exit at the Moscow Kremlin.

The motorcade of the King of Great Britain in London.

Meeting of representatives of the European powers.

Speech by Pope Pius XI. Parade of the Papal Guard in the Vatican, Pope Pius XI on the tribune.

Panorama of one of the capitals of the Middle East.

Reprisals against protesters in the colonial countries of North Africa and the Middle East.

Cavalry of the rebel Bedouins on the march, suppression of the uprisings, alternating with portraits of the leaders of the uprisings.

Portrait of the leader of the Algerian rebels Abd al-Qadir.

Portrait of Ahmed Urabi, the leader of the Egyptian rebels.

Portrait of the leader of the Sudanese revolution, Al-Mahdi.

Fighting between rebels and British troops in Sudan.

Churchill is met in Omdurman.

Colonial troops in formation.

North African landscape.

A passenger train is in motion.

Life and everyday life of residents of North African countries.

Searches of passers-by on the streets of Cairo.

A meeting of the World Zionist Organization, a portrait of its head, Theodor Herzl.

Representatives of the British colonial administration in one of the colonies.

Parade of colonial troops.

The British flag over a fortress in Palestine.

Zionist rally in London.

Faces of Jewish settlers.

Conclusion of an agreement with representatives of the Arab population of Palestine.

Israeli soldiers search Arabs in Palestine in the late 1940s.

Fighting of the Israeli army in Palestine in the late 1940s.

Arab refugees fleeing from Israeli troops.

Sh.

Dayan among Israeli soldiers.

Installing a barbed wire fence.

Panorama of a tent camp.

A woman's face.

Ruins of Arab houses.

A boy walks through the ruins.

People carry out household belongings.

A girl among things.

Military actions in Palestine and the Middle East.

Oath of Israeli soldiers.

Seizure of Palestinian lands by representatives of Israel.

Panorama of a part of a neighborhood abandoned by the Arabs.

Seascape.

Warships on the march.

Military actions of Italian troops in Libya in the first decade of the 20th century, counterattack of the Arab cavalry.

Interview with Volkogonov D.A. (synchronously and off-screen).

Newsreel: Italian troops fighting in Libya in 1911. Providing aid to wounded Libyans.

Interview with Mohamed Al-Jarari (synchronously and behind the scenes).

Execution of local residents by hanging, panorama of the group gallows.

Attacking Bedouins.

Fighting in Libya.

Photographs of victims of massacres committed in Libya by the Italians.

Newsreel: Horse-drawn transport on the streets of London in 1914. Fighting on the fronts of World War I. A British tank crosses a ditch.

A French heavy gun crew fires.

Burning houses in populated areas.

Fighting at sea.

Colonial troops of the British Empire on a city street.

The passage of the royal motorcade and the carriages of foreign diplomats in London.

Newsreel of world events of the 1910-1930s, short plans.

Events to proclaim the Jewish state in the Palestinian territories.

Portrait of Lord Balfour.

Text of Balfour's letter to Rothschild, November 2, 1917. Newsreel: leaders of the British administration and leaders of the Jewish state during events and meetings.

Ceremonial events to mark the proclamation of the state of Israel.

Rallies and celebrations on city streets.

Movement of British troops in Palestine.

Taking the oath of allegiance to Israel, faces of young settlers.

Military operations in Palestine, loading British wounded onto transport.

Israeli troops conduct military operations, street battles.

Victims of military operations - women and children.

Views of the streets and squares of Rome (above).

Demonstration of Blackshirts in Rome.

Trucks with Italian fascists in the back drive by.

Fascist events and parades in Italy in the 1920s, Mussolini greets the Blackshirts, speaks at a rally.

Mussolini signs an agreement with representatives of the Vatican.

Interview with the director of the Institute of Africa of the USSR Academy of Sciences Anatoly Gromyko (synchronously and behind the scenes).

Newsreel: Italian troops conduct military operations in Libya.

The cavalry of the Libyan rebels goes on the attack.

Panorama of one of the fascist rallies in Italy (top).

Mussolini greets the passing troops.

Faces of the Italian military participating in the event.

Parade of the Italian army.

Photographs illustrating the suppression of the national resistance movement in Libya, shootings and executions of local residents.

Newsreel: Mussolini walks along the line of one of the fascist organizations.

Blackshirts on the steps at the entrance to the building.

Mussolini greets members of fascist organizations during a rally.

A ceremonial exit in the Vatican.

Portrait of the viceroy of Libya, Marshal Badoglio, appointed viceroy of Libya in 1929. Documents on the letterhead of the Ministry of Colonies.

Newsreel: Italian planes fly.

Rebels fight against Italian troops.

Rebel cavalry attacks the enemy, Italian field artillery fires.

Newsreel from 1929: Desert landscape.

Barbed wire.

Bedouin with a rifle on horseback.

Omar Mukhtar's rebels at a shawl in the camp.

Bedouins during a rest.

Rebel leader Omar Mukhtar during a meeting.

Rebels riding camels, planes flying in the sky.

Rebels riding horses.

The face of one of the rebels.

Libyan rebels riding camels and horses attack the enemy.

Photos of the participants in the last meeting of Omar Mukhtar and Marshal Badoglio.

Newsreel of the fighting in Libya in 1929. Ruins of houses.

Rebel cavalry.

Italian soldiers at the table.

Grazing sheep.

A baby camel sucks milk from its mother.

Panorama of a destroyed house.

Libyan landscapes.

Panorama of a square in Tripoli.

Views of the neighborhoods of Tripoli.

Portrait of Omar Mukhtar and the text of his manifesto in Arabic.

An Arab reading the manifesto.

Panorama of a dilapidated city block in Libya (top).

Panorama of ancient ruins in Libya.

Photograph of the commander of the Italian troops in Libya, General Graziani.

Landscapes and population of Libya.

Military operations in Libya.

Photograph of Omar Mukhtar.

Genocide carried out by Italian troops in Libya (newsreel and photographs).

Coastal seascape.

Interview with Youssef Al-Barghasi, Senior Researcher at the Historical Centre of Libya, and Dr.

Mahmoud Attaeb (synchronously and behind the scenes).

Newsreel: landscape of the Libyan desert (panorama, top).

Parade of the Italian army in Rome in the 1920s.

Italian troops in Libya.

Faces of young Libyans.

Mussolini meeting by the car, newsreel footage of the fighting in Libya, commanders of the troops in Libya, political life in Italy in the 1920s, short, unrelated shots).

Text of the secret letter from Marshal Badoglio to General Graziani, photographs of Badoglio and Graziani.

Panorama of the Libyan desert (top).

Interview with a former prisoner of the Italian fascist concentration camp Al-Makroun in Libya (synchronously and behind the scenes).

Faces of Libyan veterans of the partisan movement.

Caves in the mountains, which were used as shelters by Libyan partisans (top).

Seascape.

Barbed wire fence on the sea coast.

Views and panorama of the Libyan desert (top).

Memorial at the site of the former concentration camp.

Remains of barbed wire fences.

Mountain landscape (panorama, top).

A family of Libyan nomads at a camp site under an awning.

Interviews of former prisoners of the concentration camps Al-Brega, Ain Al-Ghazala and Al-Ageila about the atrocities of the Italians in Libya (synchronously and behind the scenes).

People sit under an awning and listen to the interview of the head of the family, faces of children and adults.

Photographs of concentration camp prisoners.

Panorama of the remains of the Ain al-Ghazala concentration camp.

Barbed wire on the river bank.

Photograph of the execution of Libyans by hanging and punitive actions of the Italian troops.

A former prisoner of an Italian concentration camp shows his back with scars from lashes.

Photographs of prisoners of Italian concentration camps.

Libyan desert landscape (panorama, from above).

A herd of camels.

Panorama and views of the remains of the former Al-Ageila concentration camp, old barbed wire fence.

The face of a Libyan poet, a former prisoner of the concentration camp, against the background of the desert (combined photography).

Remains of walls and buildings in Al-Ageila.

The face of a former prisoner of the concentration camp.

Coils of barbed wire.

An elderly man walks into the distance along the sand.

Panorama of the former concentration camp in Libya.

Photograph of Omar Mukhtar, captured, among Italian soldiers.

Newsreel: Mussolini speaking from the rostrum.

Italian soldiers and Blackshirts on the rostrum of a rally (panorama).

View of the rally.

Photograph of Omar Mukhtar behind bars.

Text of Marshal Badoglio's telegram to the Minister of Colonies on September 12, 1931, about the need for the death sentence for Omar Mukhtar.

Photographs of Omar Mukhtar during his trial and before his execution.

Photographs of Omar Mukhtar's execution.

Photograph of Omar Mukhtar hanged.

Photo portrait of Omar Mukhtar.

Omar Mukhtar memorial in Libya.

Mountainous Libyan landscape (panorama, from above).

Newsreel: assembly of military equipment and weapons in the workshops of military factories in Nazi Germany.

Hitler in a factory workshop steps up to a dais before a rally.

Artillery guns at a finished goods site.

Parade of Wehrmacht units.

Hitler salutes marching stormtroopers in 1925-1927. SS troops on parade.

Hitler Youth boys beat drums.

Hitler salutes marching stormtroopers.

Nazi stormtroopers carry the standards of the German lands.

Faces of people raising their hands in a Nazi salute.

March of the Blackshirts in Italy.

Hitler during a review of the German navy.

Stormtroopers during a parade.

Formation of one of the Wehrmacht units.

Hitler and Mussolini in an open car driving through the streets of the city.

Nazi rallies and military parades in Germany.

Collapsing walls of buildings.

Atrocities of the German fascist invaders in the occupied territory of the USSR. Partisans walk through the ashes.

Faces of people.

Photos of underground fighters and partisans.

Partisans in formation in a forest clearing.

Soviet people are driven to Germany on foot.

Prisoners of a German concentration camp behind barbed wire (panorama).

Corpses of prisoners of Nazi concentration camps.

Execution of partisans by a Sonderkommando.

Frozen corpses of Soviet citizens on the gallows.

Atrocities of the Japanese military in China in 1937, burying people alive.

Interview with a former prisoner of the Auschwitz concentration camp (synchronously and behind the scenes).

Combat actions on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War and World War II, on land and at sea.

A destroyed German tank.

Corpses of German tankers.

Views of the Auschwitz concentration camp.

Hitler at a rally.

Marching storm troopers (top).

Exhausted prisoners.

Prisoners of the concentration camp in the women's barracks.

Exhumed bodies of deceased Auschwitz prisoners.

Faces of prisoners.

An exhausted man is carried out of a barracks on a stretcher.

The face of a prisoner giving an interview after liberation.

Liberated prisoners and former POWs walk along the road.

Liberated children show the camp numbers tattooed on their arms.

Separation of mother and child by German punitive forces in the occupied territory of the USSR. Prisoners liberated from Auschwitz are released.

Panorama of the Auschwitz concentration camp grounds and barracks (top).

Faces of prisoners behind barbed wire.

Soviet medics lead children liberated from Auschwitz (top).

Auschwitz female prisoners on bunks in a barracks, faces of female prisoners.

Newsreel: Faces of Auschwitz concentration camp prisoners.

Female prisoners in a camp barracks.

People at the funerals of their loved ones who died at the hands of the Nazi invaders.

Faces of concentration camp prisoners behind barbed wire.

A prisoner with a number tattooed on his chest.

A child over his mother’s body.

Prisoners who died of exhaustion.

Soviet medical workers lead children out of Auschwitz after its liberation in January 1945. Marching German soldiers.

The corpses of children shot by the Germans in the occupied territory of the USSR. Views of the concentration camp grounds and barracks.

Interview with a former Auschwitz concentration camp prisoner (synchronously and off-screen).

Newsreel: Hitler meets Franco at a train carriage.

A woman on the ruins of a house.

A column of people being driven to Germany.

Hitler shakes Mussolini’s hand at a train carriage.

Soviet doctors examining liberated Auschwitz prisoners.

Panorama of a part of a destroyed city block (top).

A speaker giving a speech at a rally in a liberated city.

Faces of Red Army soldiers and partisans.

Tanks leaving the factory gates.

Soviet troops fighting on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War.

Hitler, Goering, Himmler during a meeting in 1941. The body of a Soviet tanker near a destroyed tank.

Mussolini signs the Munich Agreement in 1938. German soldiers near Moscow try to keep warm by jumping in the snow.

The German occupiers blowing up railways and industrial plants, Hitler and Mussolini in the Brest Fortress.

The dome of the burning Reichstag.

Meeting of Soviet and American soldiers in April 1945. The Victory Banner over the Reichstag.

Interview with the director of the Institute of Africa of the USSR Academy of Sciences A. Gromyko (synchronously and behind the scenes).

Newsreel: British and German troops during the fighting in North Africa in 1942-1943. Portrait of Omar Mukhtar.

Panorama of destroyed city blocks (top).

Newsreel of the Nuremberg and Tokyo Trials.

Faces of Goering, Ribbentrop, Keitel during the Nuremberg Trials.

Japanese soldiers in battle.

Interview with the Director of the Institute of State and Law, Academician V.N. Kudryavtsev (synchronously and behind the scenes).

Newsreel: the aftermath of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

Faces of the defendants at the Nuremberg and Tokyo Tribunals.

People fleeing air raids during World War II. Victims of the bombings, their relatives mourning them.

British troops in Libya.

Churchill's arrival at one of the British military units.

Wehrmacht soldiers marching in a parade.

Hitler and Mussolini among the military during a meeting.

Interview with a teacher at Nasser University in Tripoli (synchronously and behind the scenes).

Newsreel: British sappers lay mines in Libya during World War II. General Montgomery gives orders.

British troops conduct military operations in Libya.

Movement of motorcades on the roads of Libya, panorama of the port (above).

Panorama of a German soldiers' cemetery.

Destroyed German tanks.

General Rommel, Churchill at the location of their troops in Libya.

Preparing ammunition for firing.

Mining the area by British sappers.

Military operations in North Africa, civilian casualties, photographs of people disabled as a result of explosions of unremoved mines.

Bombing of Libya by US aircraft in 1986.

American air raids on Libyan cities in 1986, consequences and victims of the bombings.

US President Reagan R. speaks on television.

Newsreel: M. Gandhi with his supporters during a march across India.

Gandhi climbs the platform.

Faces of Gandhi's followers.

Gandhi speaks to the marchers.

Nehru's speech, Gandhi sits next to him.

People listen to Nehru's speech.

Portrait of M. Gandhi.

Interview with the director of the Libyan Historical Research Center Mohamed Al-Jararri (synchronously and behind the scenes).

Outrages of the Israeli army on the streets of Palestinian cities.

Interview with the director of the Institute of State and Law, academician V.N. Kudryavtsev (synchronously and behind the scenes).

Newsreel from 1948: Israel seizes Palestinian lands, installs barbed wire fences.

Portraits of Palestinian guerrillas published in an Israeli newspaper, with rewards for their capture.

Menachem Begin gives an interview.

Israeli soldiers in the occupied Palestinian territories.

Bombing of Lebanese cities, victims of the bombings, debates in the Israeli Knesset (parliament).

Palestinians behind barbed wire of a concentration camp (panorama).

Israeli troops disperse a Palestinian demonstration.

The UN building in New York.

Panorama of the meeting hall of the regular session of the UN General Assembly.

Residents of Egypt greet President Nasser, panorama of a mass rally in 1956. Nasser's face.

View of the rally (top), Nasser comes to the podium.

Interview with D.A. Volkogonov (synchronously and off-screen).

Newsreel from 1956: Nasser speaks from the podium.

Egyptian troops fighting in October 1956 during the Suez Crisis.

Newsreel of the Six-Day War of 1967. Egyptian prisoners of war behind barbed wire in the camp and in barracks, Moshe Dayan on the platform.

American carrier-based aircraft taking off from an aircraft carrier.

Children's faces.

Newsreel of the Vietnam War in 1965-1973. Faces of Vietnamese children, atrocities of American troops.

The face of Ho Chi Minh speaking.

Residents of a burnt village flee to the jungle to join the guerrillas.

Faces of children and old people near a burnt house.

Atrocities committed by American soldiers against civilians.

American aircraft bomb North Vietnamese territories.

Consequences and victims of American bombing.

Soldiers on the streets of Santiago during the military coup in Chile in 1973. Revolution in Cuba.

The face of Che Guevara.

Portrait of Che Guevara.

A shot of the national liberation movement in African countries.

Repressions against fighters against the regime in South Africa.

A burning cross at a meeting of Ku Klux Klan members.

Newsreel from the 1950s and 1960s: demonstration of black fighters for their rights.

Rallies and demonstrations in the USA for the rights of blacks.

Martin Luther King in a demonstration column.

King speaking at a rally.

The assassination of Martin Luther King on March 28, 1968. A meeting of the Ku Klux Klan, a burning cross.

The funeral of Martin Luther King.

King in a coffin.

A tombstone on his grave.

Portrait of Martin Luther King.

A meeting of veterans of the Great Patriotic War on the eve of May 9 in the park near the Bolshoi Theater.

Carnations at the Eternal Flame.

Interview with a former prisoner of Auschwitz, a woman shows a card index with the names of veterans (synchronously and off-screen).

Panorama of the wreath-laying ceremony at the Eternal Flame in Moscow.

Veterans lay flowers at the Eternal Flame.

Sentry at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier.

The Eternal Flame.

Training launches of American missiles.

US Air Force and Navy exercises, landing of Marines on the shore.

Launch of a space shuttle from Cape Canaveral.

Anti-war rallies in the USSR and abroad.

Faces of black prisoners behind barbed wire (panorama).

Police in a cordon.

Protest demonstrations of blacks against the apartheid regime.

Demonstration of Palestinians against the Israeli occupation.

Landscapes of Libya, sea and desert.

A herd of camels walking.

Libyan mountain landscape (top).

Destroyed building.

Mosque building with a minaret.

Muslims in the mosque during prayer.

Square in front of the mosque in Tripoli.

Everyday life and everyday life of Libyans.

Playing pupils of one of the kindergartens.

Performance of the children's ensemble of the junior group of the kindergarten in Libya, girls perform the song of the wool spinners.

Children's faces, the music director at the piano.

Children dance a folk dance.

Weddings in the center of Moscow.

Passers-by on the streets of Moscow, people's faces.

Faces of children going to first grade.

Children at the school assembly on September 1, parents' faces.

The ceremonial carrying out of the school banner.

View of the Crimean Bridge in Moscow.

Faces of passers-by.

View of a part of the Moskva River.

Riding a carousel on the embankment.

People relaxing in the park.

A girl feeds a black swan.

Attractions on the embankment of the Moskva River.