Civil War and Japanese Intervention in China (1937-1939)

The blades of a water pump are turning.

Women operate the pump with their feet.

Carrying a wounded man on a stretcher-yoke.

Soldiers of the National Revolutionary Army (NRA) of China wash their uniforms and underwear on the river bank.

Fragments of a battle.

The legs of soldiers on a march.

An NRA unit moves toward the foothills of Jinggangshan.

View of the mountainside and the path along which an NRA unit is climbing.

An NRA unit on the march.

View of the terrain through which an NRA unit is marching (from above).

Landscape of the central Chinese foothills.

An NRA commander looks through binoculars.

NRA soldiers in formation.

The commander rides along the formation.

Preparing staff documents.

Chinese rural landscape.

Views of the streets of Chinese cities behind the front line, cars and rickshaws on the streets.

Women with children in their arms look at the sky.

Panorama of a village, exploding shells.

Loading the wounded into an ambulance, providing first aid to the wounded.

Loading people onto a ferry.

Peasants working in rice fields.

Peasants threshing rice.

Peasants working in the fields.

Plowing the land with a single-share plough.

Harrowing the land with a wicker harrow.

A woman watches the millstones turn.

View of a burning village.

A boiling kettle on a trivet.

Rickshaws on the streets of a Chinese city located behind the front line.

Views of city streets (from above).

The legs of a running rickshaw puller.

A traffic controller at an intersection.

A Japanese infantry unit takes up a position.

Providing assistance to a wounded civilian.

Water in an irrigation canal.

An NRA unit climbs the mountains.

Panorama of burning villages.

Women and children hide in a camouflaged shelter from the Japanese.

View of part of the city of Nunyo in Hunan Province.

People on the streets of the city.

Residents of the city gather for a rally.

Passenger ships on the Yangtze River.

A sailing junk with refugees sails by.

Women sew quilted jackets for NRA fighters.

Sorting quilted jackets.

Young NRA fighters take the oath.

A bugler gives a signal.

An NRA rifle unit during tactical exercises.

A political worker addresses NRA fighters.

NRA fighters in formation (panorama).

Chinese NRA fighters ferry military equipment across a body of water using mules.

View of a mountainside and path as an NRA unit ascends.

Children sit near their belongings in the street.

An NRA fighter watches for aerial targets.

View of a destroyed building.

NRA commanders at an observation post.

A farmer harrows the soil.

A woman sifts flour.

A woman carries her belongings along a destroyed street.

Mao Zedong talks with commanders.

Mao Zedong walks through a yard, sits down in a wicker chair, and holds a newspaper.

Mao Zedong reads a newspaper.

NRA fighters in formation.

NRA fighters carry children during a march.

Children and the elderly leave their homes to escape the Japanese.

Rickshaws carry passengers in a Chinese city.

A mountain river flows.

Cultivating rice fields.

NRA units on the march after sunset.

Junks depart from the shore.

NRA fighters sail in junks.

The wheels of an irrigation system turn in a village.

Japanese planes fly by.

A woman leaves the danger zone.

Bombs explode in a village.

Burnt areas as a result of an air raid.

People evacuate on a junk.

An NRA unit enters a village.

Women with children hide in the forest.

A burning village house.

A man with a child in his arms watches the fire.

Burning village houses.

Photos of Soviet military specialists.

Mao Zedong reads a newspaper with a portrait of I.V. Stalin.

Rathore speaks at a rally.

The Chinese NRA unit climbs aboard a junk.

Mao Zedong talks with the NRA soldiers.

The thatched roof of the fanza burns.

The NRA soldiers transport military equipment across the river using mules.