Tuva - crossroad of times (1967)

Landscapes of Tuva.

Arat plays a folk musical instrument.

Pieces of white fabric on a branch of a bush.

The propeller of a homemade wind direction indicator rotates.

View of a mound of stones.

Views of the Yenisei River.

An elderly Tuvan man stands.

Fragments of ancient stone sculptures, landscapes of Tuva.

Views of the evening sky, a brazier on a fire.

A stele marking the center of Asia.

An airplane flies in the sky over Kyzyl.

A passenger plane finishes its run after landing at the airfield.

A girl with flowers in her hands.

The propellers slow down.

Passengers get off the plane and go down the steps.

Faces of those meeting them.

Views of Kyzyl streets.

Faces of children.

Entrance to the conservatory building.

A piano lesson.

A young violinist practices playing the violin.

The face of the conductor.

A team of construction workers at a site.

Masons lay bricks.

Concrete workers tying reinforcement.

Arat riding a horse.

The face of a combine operator.

Workers splitting boulders.

Awarding an advanced milkmaid.

Presentation of the Red Challenge Banner to one of the work collectives.

Panorama of a part of the ceremonial rally.

Presentation of flowers to first-graders during the ceremonial assembly.

First-graders with flowers in their hands walk to the entrance of the school.

Photograph of a Tuvan family from the early 20th century.

The face of a first-grader with a bouquet of flowers.

Photographs of the daily life and everyday life of Tuva residents at the beginning of the 20th century.

Photograph of a Tuvan prince.

Newsreel from the early 1920s: a shaman dancing in a yurt, people's faces.

Religious holiday in Tuva at the beginning of the 20th century.

Participants in the holiday in masks of evil and good spirits.

Golden statuette of Buddha.

Photograph of a Tuvan resident at the beginning of the 20th century.

Sunrise.

Photo portraits of the first deputies of Uryankhai (Tuva) - teacher Bespalov, topographer Kryukov.

Monument to Bespalov and Kryukov, who died for Soviet power in Tuva.

A hut in the village of Atamanovka, where the headquarters of the partisan movement was located.

Photograph of partisan commander Sergei Kochetov.

Schoolchildren from one of the villages go to the monument to the heroes of the civil war in Tuva.

Laying wreaths and flowers at the monuments to the red partisans.

View of one of the monuments.

A horseman at the monument.

The face of the horseman.

Newsreel from the 1920-1930s: patients in a queue at a medical yurt.

A mother with a baby at a doctor's appointment in a yurt.

A doctor examines a baby.

A doctor examines babies in their mothers' arms.

Photograph of the creator of the Tuvan written language, Professor A.A. Palmbach.

Photographs of classes in schools opened in Tuva in the 1920s.

Newsreel from the 1920s: residents of Tuva during a literacy course, a teacher at the blackboard.

Construction of a road in Tuva, using picks and hand wheelbarrows.

An airplane flies by.

Faces of children watching the airplane fly.

General Secretary of the Central Committee of the People's Revolutionary Party of Tuva Toka S.K. delivers a speech from the rostrum of the Great Khural of the Tuvan People's Republic in support of the peoples of the USSR in the fight against the Nazi invaders in June 1941 (synchronously, in Tuvan).

The deputies of the Khural stand up and applaud, Toka applauds, standing at the rostrum.

Faces of the Khural deputies.

First Secretary of the Tuva Regional Committee of the CPSU Toka speaks about the military brotherhood of the Soviet and Tuvan peoples during the Great Patriotic War (synchronously).

Photos of Tuvan volunteers being sent off to the front.

Newsreel from 1941-1944: view of the front of a locomotive donated to the USSR by Tuvan workers.

Inscription on a parcel for Red Army soldiers.

Loading boxes with parcels into the back of a truck.

Airplanes built with funds from Tuvan workers at the airfield.

A pilot gets into the cockpit.

Presentation of a banner from Tuvan workers to a Red Army unit commander.

First Secretary of the Tuvan Regional Committee of the CPSU Toka S.K. speaks about the entry of the Tuvan People's Republic into the USSR in 1944 as a vital necessity for the Tuvan people, and about the changes that have taken place in the national economy, culture, and art of the Tuvan people over the years (synchronously).

Threshed grain is poured out.

The face of a combine operator.

A combine harvesting grain.

Sheep shearing on a farm in the Tuvan ASSR. Harvesting fodder corn, a combine operator at the controls.

Ripe apples on the branches.

Apple harvesting.

People at a newspaper stand.

A newspaper stand on one of the streets of Kyzyl.

The building of the Republican Council.

Adults and children on the streets of the city.

A bridge over a pond in the city park.

Children playing on the fence lattice.

Television filming of a performance by a folk throat singing group in a studio.

The artists perform an old Tuvan song, the artists' faces.

Director Klara Sagdy at the sound console.

Mother of many children Shuvu Kular with her youngest daughter Nina.

The eldest daughter Meydok works at the grain threshing floor, throwing grain with a scoop.

Shuvu Kular's face with a pipe in her teeth.

Director of the boarding school Surulga Kular at her desk.

State farm agronomist and party organizer Kombayol Kular talks to machine operators.

Mathematics teacher Tamara Kular teaches a lesson in a rural school.

Machine engineer Valentin Kular talks to a combine operator.

The combine moves across a mown field.

Shuvu Kular's face.

Liza Kular, a student at the Frunze Choreographic School, during a class.

Tenth-grader Ekaterina Kular goes to school.

Shuvu Kular with her youngest daughter Nina.

View of the CMEA building in Moscow, young people at the bridge railing.

Face of Klara Kular, a student at the Timiryazev Academy.

A truck on one of the highways in Tuva.

Geological exploration by drilling wells, faces of drillers.

Oncoming trucks on the highway.

View from the car window.

View of one of the industrial enterprises.

Asbestos mining in an open pit, loading asbestos into dump truck bodies.

The driver gets into the dump truck cabin.

Crushing asbestos.

Removal of asbestos by dump trucks, faces of asbestos plant workers.

The director of the asbestos plant, Chemit Andar, holds a meeting on current issues.

Motor transport on the territory of the plant.

View of one of the plant's workshops.

The dispatcher is talking on the phone, panorama of part of the control panel.

View of the packaging shop, the production process.

Loading bags of asbestos into the back of a truck.

Panorama of the plant.

Views of the second stage of construction of the plant.

Concrete work at the construction site, pouring concrete into the reinforcement.

The process of installing the reinforcement cage.

Workers installing the reinforcement cage (top).

Faces of masons laying the masonry.

A team of masons at work.

Panorama of part of the workers' settlement under construction at the plant (top).

Tuvan mountain landscape.

Blasting operations for further construction.

The director of the plant is talking on the phone with the management of the road construction.

Motor transport arrives to remove rock from the future section of the construction site.

The driver delivers the dump truck for loading.

Loading soil and rock into the body of a dump truck, view of the excavator bucket.

The driver behind the wheel of a dump truck.

The excavator operator in the cabin.

Loading soil.

Laying access roads with a bulldozer.

Laying asphalt pavement on one of the sections of the paved road.

The roller operator at the controls.

Views of the highway from a car, mountain landscapes.

A small aircraft is flying.

Panorama of the construction of the Tuvakobald plant.

Panorama of a part of the territory of the plant under construction (from above).

Earthmoving equipment at the construction of the plant.

Installation of equipment.

Managers at the construction site discuss the deadlines for completing the stages of construction and equipping the plant with equipment (synchronously).

View of a part of the plant under construction.

Tuvan landscape.

Arat plays the flute.

Flocks of sheep grazing.

The female shepherd Urle Kandan rides a horse.

The girl carries a lamb in her arms.

A flock of sheep grazing.

The girl's face.

Urle Kandan grazing sheep.

A water tanker truck arrives at a pasture.

A girl holds a lamb in her arms.

Filling a water trough with water from a tanker truck.

Sheep drink water from a filled water trough.

Faces of the driver and Urle Kandan.

Children at a shepherd's point.

A flock of sheep at a shepherd's point.

Urle Kandan in a yurt feeds food to a taganka.

Urle Kandan's face.

Children leaf through a book.

Archaeologists in the steppe approach a stone pillar with ancient inscriptions.

Leningrad archaeologist A. Grach rides a motorboat along the river.

A continuous cliff on the river bank.

Motorboats of the archaeological expedition go along the river, a mountain landscape.

Landscapes of the Sayan-Yenisei zone, where the expedition is working.

Archaeologists examine ancient drawings on coastal stones, images of priestly masks, wild animals.

Tuvan stone-cutters carve various figurines, neighbors watch their work.

A finished stone figurine.

A helicopter flies over the steppe and foothills.

Views of the remains of an ancient city discovered by archaeologists from a helicopter (above).

Archaeological excavations at the site of the ancient city.

Faces of workers and archaeologists.

Expedition members inspect another find.

Grach A.D. excavates one of the burials.

Archaeological finds discovered during excavations.

One of the members of the archaeological expedition digs up horse skeletons in one of the graves.

A saddled horse in the steppe.

Panorama of a pasture, grazing horses, a herder galloping on horseback.

Horses in a pasture.

Herders lassoing horses.

Horses at a watering hole.

Faces of a herder and his family sitting by a fire.

The herder's family is having dinner by the fire.

Evening Tuvan landscape.

Telephone operators at a long-distance telephone station.

View of a Tuvan two-stringed musical instrument.

Head of a camel.

Grazing and chewing thorns camels, shepherds on horseback.

Panorama of a camel herd.

Telephone operators at a long-distance telephone exchange connecting subscribers.

Grazing yaks.

A female yak with a baby.

Mating games of yaks.

A shepherd on horseback drives a herd of yaks.

Milking yaks in a pasture.

Flora and fauna of Tuva.

River landscapes at sunset.

Waterfowl on the river.

Cranes and seagulls take off.

Mountain and river landscapes of Tuva.

Tourists walk through thickets of grass.

Blooming poppies.

Flora of Tuva.

Deer at a watering hole.

A herd of deer in tall grass.

Panorama of a forest edge, river landscape.

A fisherman takes a large fish out of his net and throws it into a boat.

Landscapes of Tuva.

A squirrel jumps from branch to branch, a hunter's face.

A hunter skis through a winter forest.

A dog tracks game, barks at a wood grouse on a branch.

A squirrel climbs up a tree trunk.

A hunter shoots a squirrel.

A squirrel falls from a tree.

A hunter's face.

Skis on the hunter's feet.

A panorama of a winter forest and mountains in the distance.

A shepherd drives a herd of deer.

A shepherd on horseback.

Children lead fawns by the bridle.

People on the beach near one of the mud healing arzhaans.

People covered in healing mud.

Vacationers at one of the resorts during swimming.

Adults and children during a beach vacation.

People covered in healing mud among vacationers.

A panorama of the beach near one of the arzhaans.

Panorama of a village, smoke from chimneys.

Cityscape at sunset.

Tuvan radio announcers broadcast from Kyzyl.

Buses leave the park gates.

Panorama of a residential area under construction, view of a construction crane boom.

Residents of Kyzyl go to the national holiday of Tuva - Nadym.

Street trading.

A girl plucks a leaf from a tree branch.

One of the holiday participants gives an interview to a radio journalist.

People buy pastries and drinks on the street.

Horse racers before the start of the competition.

The face of a young rider.

Archery competition.

Start of horse racers.

Riders cover a distance across rough terrain, one of the spectators watches the races through binoculars.

Racers pass each other, faces of spectators.

The winner of the race finishes, the judge strikes the bell.

Racers walk to the finish line.

Racers cross the finish line one after another.

Faces of fans in one of the stands.

Military brass band musicians watch the horse races.

A troika of horses rides by.

Participants of the festival await the start of the circus performance.

Fragments of the circus performance, jugglers' performance.

Participants in the Tuvan national wrestling competition Khuresh enter the stadium field.

Wrestlers perform the "Eagle Dance" before the start of the competition.

The drawing of lots for the opponents.

Faces of spectators.

Reporters and judges before the start of the fights.

Wrestling match, faces of the judge and spectators.

Honoring the winner of the match.

The commentator speaks into the microphone.

Wrestling matches, the winners perform a dance.

Faces of spectators.

Spectators in one of the stands (panorama).

Faces of adults and children.

Arat plays the Tuvan labial musical instrument.

An old man wipes his face.

Babies in cribs in a maternity hospital ward.

Interior view of the control room of one of the industrial enterprises.

View of the machine room of the power plant.

A passenger plane takes off.

River landscape.

Landscapes of Tuva, views from a car window.