Forensic - medical examination automotive injury. (1987)

A traffic police car is driving along the road.

The car stops at the corpse of a pedestrian hit by a car.

The employee reports to the shift attendant.

The duty officer records the incident in the log.

An ambulance and a task force are being sent to the scene of the incident.

Operational shooting of the deceased in a traffic accident (road accident).

Medics take the corpse to the morgue.

In the morgue, the corpse is examined by forensic pathologists.

The forensic medical expert should study the materials of the accident.

In the investigation of an accident, a large role belongs to the forensic medical examination, which establishes the nature and mechanism of damage.

This makes it possible to determine the origin and type of car injury, to assist the investigative authorities in clarifying the causes and circumstances of the incident.

The employee prints the inspection report.

There are specific damages and traces, characteristic and uncharacteristic of an automobile injury.

The expert examines the victim's clothes.

Specific manifestations are the prints of the radiator lining, headlights, bolts.

According to the tire tread prints of the wheel, in some cases it is possible to establish the brand of the car.

And, according to the totality of particular features, to identify it.

Slip marks on the soles of shoes are characteristic of an automobile injury.

Abrasions and bruises from the impact of the bumper are located on the limbs according to the level of the bumper.

To determine the injury, a soft tissue incision is made to determine specific fractures of the bones of the lower leg or thigh.

A cartoon explaining the relationship between the type of fracture and injury.

Sometimes several small fragments are formed, but during reconstruction these fragments create a semblance of a diamond-shaped or wedge-shaped fracture.

Depending on a number of conditions, an oblique or multi-splintered fracture occurs.

A cartoon explaining the dependence of the type of fracture on the height of the bumper, and therefore the brand of the car.

When a car hits, followed by sliding of the body on the road surface, extensive precipitation, traces of sliding are characteristic.

Traces of skin tears when moving the body with a wheel.

Characteristic patchwork wounds are formed from the impact of parts of a car at an angle, less often when the body falls on solid ground.

There are the following types of car injury.

Injury from a car hitting a pedestrian.

Injury from moving the body with wheels.

Injury inside the car interior.

Injury from falling out of a moving car.

Injury as a result of squeezing the body between parts of the car and other objects.

Combined types of car injury.

Imitation of an injury from a hit-and-run car.

In the first phase, in a frontal collision with the front surface of the car, characteristic bumper damage to the lower extremities and pelvis occurs.

At the same time as contact injuries occur from a general body concussion.

Examples of hemorrhages, tears and ruptures in the area of the roots of the lungs.

Hemorrhage in the ligamentous apparatus of the liver.

In the second phase, if the initial blow is applied below the center of gravity of the body, the victim falls on the hood of the car.

In this phase, injuries occur at the points of contact of the trunk with the hood, fractures of the skull, closed or comminuted, hemorrhages under the brain membrane.

Due to damage to soft tissues, skull bones and brain, it is possible to establish the place of the primary application of force.

Demonstration of skull injuries.

There are ruptures of the atlantoaccepital articulation.

Additional injuries to the trunk and upper limbs that are formed during the secondary impact are located on the same side as in the first phase.

In the same second phase, multiple injuries of internal organs can be observed.

Rupture on the liver, lungs.

If the car is moving at a speed of 12-15 km per hour, there may be no second phase.

In the third phase, as a result of the fall of the body on the road, damage occurs from impact on the ground and concussion.

In some cases, the body slides on the ground or is dragged by protruding parts of the bottom of the car, there are traces of sliding.

If the blow is struck near the center of gravity, the body is thrown forward and hits the road surface, followed by sliding.

In a tangential collision, throwing away from the car is characteristic.

In case of injury from moving the body with wheels, the localization and nature of the damage depends on the direction of the move.

When moving the chest, closed multiple bilateral fractures of the ribs are characteristic.

A cartoon showing characteristic rib fractures during a hit-and-run.

Injuries to the sternum and collarbones are almost always closed.

Damage to the shoulder blades is typical for injuries from moving.

Hemorrhages resulting from moving the wheel may correspond to the width of the wheel.

Autopsy of the back of the deceased from the accident.

When moving over the back, detached or comminuted fractures of the spinous processes of adjacent vertebrae are formed, their damaged parts are directed towards the movement of the wheel.

An open chest after being moved by a car.

Multiple injuries of parenchymal and hollow organs are visible, which do not correspond to external injuries.

Most often, the lungs, heart, and liver are injured.

Less often hollow organs.

The pathologist demonstrates injuries of internal organs.

Ruptures of the diaphragm with the movement of abdominal organs into the pleural are characteristic of relocation.

A cartoon explaining pelvic bone injuries when moving.

Opening the leg after moving the wheel.

Cartoon explaining injuries when moving the head.

Alternating photos with types of head injuries after moving.

Modeling is widely used in the study of car injury.

Cartoon showing body movements in case of injury inside the car.

Soft tissue damage caused by the impact of the lower extremities on the lower part of the control panel.

With the continued displacement of the body, fractures of the bones of the lower leg, hip, pelvis occur.

Injury of the patella and dislocation of the femoral head with rupture of the round ligaments, joint capsule is shown.

Then, in an accident, the body shifts forward and upward.

There is an impact on the steering wheel and windshield.

Drivers have semicircular, arched or oval abrasions that reproduce the shape of the steering wheel.

The injuries that occur when hitting the steering wheel are listed.

After the load stops, the body returns to the seat.

In these cases, or when hit from behind, hyperextensive injuries of the cervical and upper thoracic spine and other injuries are possible. related to the spine.

The doctor shows injuries on a model of the spine.

At the end of the load, the head abruptly moves forward.

Hyperflexion injuries of the spine occur, while damage to the ligamentous apparatus of the cervical region is possible.

Such injuries can be accompanied by a compression fracture of the vertebral bodies.

When falling out of a moving car, damage is distinguished from hitting the road surface, general body shaking, sliding on the road surface.

External damage is usually minor.

Internal injuries are multiple and severe.

An auto injury resulting from squeezing a body between a car and other objects can consist of several phases.

Compression, impact and subsequent compression.

Characteristic traces of the squeezing parts of the machine.

Autopsy of the body after a similar injury.

Bone fractures and internal organ damage occur in the compression zone.

Combined injuries are diverse.

For a possible reconstruction of the incident, the expert must study the situation of the incident together with the investigator, inspect the car.

Alternating frames of staged incidents used in the film to illustrate the injuries considered.

An accident on a city street.

An ambulance takes the victim to the hospital.