The film contains an exposition of the main stages of the development of astronomy, the idea of the evolutionary development of the Universe, and the inextricable connection between discoveries in astronomy and the formation of a materialistic worldview.
Sunrise.
Mountain views, clouds rushing by.
The sun moves in the sky.
Sunlight on the water.
Candles are lit.
Director of the Moscow Planetarium K.A. Portsevsky talks about the history of astronomical structures, shows photographs of Stonehenge.
Photographs and views of Stonehenge, the ancient Mayan observatory, with a story about their astronomical purpose heard in the background (synchronously).
Fragments and statues of the Mayan observatory.
Portsevsky takes a book from the shelf.
View of the starry sky.
Images of constellations.
View of the planetarium hall.
Old drawings illustrating people's views on the place of the Earth in the universe.
Panorama of ancient Greek ruins.
Portsevsky talks about Plato's views on astronomy and the motion of the planets (synchronously), bust of Plato.
The expansion of a transparent sphere (animation), an exposition of Aristotle's views on the position of the Earth in the universe.
Illustration of Aristotle's views, a diagram of the universe according to Aristotle.
Presentation of the theory of planetary motion according to the scheme of Claudius Ptolemy.
Scheme of planetary motion according to Ptolemy, trajectories of their motion (animation).
Place of the Earth in the system of Aristotle-Ptolemy.
Clouds running across the sky.
Growing and fading flower (time-lapse photography).
Ancient Greek ruins.
Views of medieval Christian churches.
Stained glass window with a biblical theme in the window of one of the churches.
Interior view of the church, drawings illustrating medieval ideas about the world.
Portrait of Copernicus next to the rising sun.
Busts of ancient philosophers.
Astronomical instruments of the Renaissance, burning candles.
Map of the Great Geographical Discoveries with the routes of the voyages of Columbus, Magellan and Vasco da Gama, fragments of the map with illustrations.
Pages of an ancient manuscript.
Burning candles.
Spinning top.
Demonstration of an experiment with falling bodies, refuting the opinion of Aristotle.
Portsevsky at the portrait of Galileo.
1984
Moscow
Portrait of Copernicus.
Portsevsky talks about Copernicus's theory and the concept of relativity of motion that he introduced (synchronously).
Portrait of Copernicus moving relative to the room.
Demonstration of Copernicus's theory of motion (animation).
Diagram of the universe with the sun inside, the order of planetary motion according to Copernicus's theory (animation), a hand turning the pages of a book.
View of the monument to Copernicus.
Portrait of Giordano Bruno.
Views of Catholic churches and monasteries.
Interior views of the cathedral, a story about the theory and fate of Giordano Bruno is heard in the background, a portrait of Bruno.
A drawing of the dome of the cathedral from the inside.
Panorama of hilly terrain, the sun is shining, clouds are running across the sky.
Portrait and monument to Giordano Bruno.
Superposition of magnifying glasses over the text of a book.
Texts of ancient scientific handwritten treatises.
Portsevsky talks about the telescope created by Galileo and his book "The Starry Messenger" dedicated to astronomical observations (synchronously).
Telescope pointing at the sky.
Images of planets (cartoon).
Portsevsky leafing through Galileo's book, the motion of satellites around Jupiter discovered by Galileo (cartoon).
External and internal views of the Catholic cathedral.
Portrait of Galileo, diagram of planetary motion according to Galileo (cartoon).
Images of planetary surfaces.
Craters of the Moon named after Galileo and Kepler.
Portrait of I. Kepler.
Portsevsky talking about Kepler's theory of the motion of celestial bodies (synchronously).
Diagram of planetary motion according to Kepler's laws (cartoon).
Portrait of Isaac Newton, apples fallen from the branches.
Formula derived by Newton.
Apple near Newton's bust.
Panorama of the observatory.
The curtains of the telescope dome open.
The telescope turns to the sky, processes occurring on the sun, images of the starry sky and other galaxies.
Launch of the spacecraft.
Newsreel from 1965: cosmonaut A.A. Leonov in outer space.
Craters on the surface of the Moon, named after Newton, Kepler, Galileo, Bruno, Copernicus.
Mountain landscape.
1984
Moscow