Thrombocytopenic purpura in children. (1982)

Documentary №51934, 2 parts, duration: 0:19:28
Production: Centrnauchfilm (CNF)
Director:Spiglazova N.
Screenwriters:T.Visockaya, V.Manin
Camera operators:G.Gulidova, N.Popov

Annotation:

Educational film for students medvuzov.

Reel №1

Footage frameFootage frameFootage frameFootage frame

Children's drawings about the work of doctors and nurses.

Children ride down the slide.

The blood flow in the vessels under the microscope.

Blood provides respiration and nutrition to all human organs.

A scientist observes the processes in human organs through an electron microscope.

Frames of intravital microcirculation.

Microvessels with moving blood.

Blood composition.

Platelets in the bloodstream.

When a vessel is injured under physiological conditions, hemostasis ensures the formation of a full-fledged dense thrombus or a limited hemorrhage.

Violation of hemostasis can lead to serious blood diseases.

A child with immune thrombocytopenic purpura is in intensive care.

Doctors discuss the treatment of the child.

Hemorrhagic syndrome in this disease is associated with a decrease in the number of platelets in the blood by more than 30 times compared to the norm.

External signs of the disease are shown.

Spontaneous superficial hemorrhages on the skin in the form of ecchymoses and petechiae.

Often nasal and gingival bleeding, gastrointestinal and uterine.

A girl with a nosebleed.

A child with hemorrhage in the conjunctiva and sclera of the eye, possible hemorrhage in the brain.

Increased fragility of capillaries in thrombocytopenia is revealed.

With the help of the angiotrophic function of platelets, the normal structure of the walls of microvessels is maintained.

Platelets periodically close with endothelial cells and pour their contents into them.

This ensures the elasticity of the vessels.

A cartoon explaining this process.

With a decrease in the number of platelets, the endothelium of the vessel loses platelet feeding, the vessel loses elasticity and becomes brittle.

As a result, erythrocyte diapedesis occurs through the vascular endothelium.

When the microvessel is damaged, platelets are activated, releasing pseudopodia.

Platelet adhesion and aggregation occurs.

The primary platelet thrombus closes the lumen of the microvessel, a vessel spasm occurs.

Duke bleeding time.

A bleeding test for a sick and healthy child.

Blood clotting time in sick children is normal.

Retraction of the blood clot is carried out by the contractile protein of the blood plates thrombostenin.

Clots of a sick and healthy child.

There is no retraction in a sick child.

Immune forms of thrombocytopenia are most common.

They can be divided into four groups.

Heteroimmune form.

The child is sick with this form of thrombocytopenia.

The disease begins two to three weeks after the onset of bacterial or viral infection, vaccination, and the effects of medications.

Antigens on the platelet surface are haptens, and penetrating into platelets, they change its antigenic structure.

The immunocompetent system produces antibodies against them.

The compliment and macrophage system completes the death of platelets.

A doctor examines a sick child.

The disease is acute.

In severe cases, hemorrhages are spread throughout the body.

Deep hematomas and hemarthrosis are not characteristic.

In the bone marrow, the number of megakaryocytes is increased, but lacing platelets are rarely seen.

Images of analyses under an electron microscope.

With the help of a scanning electron microscope, it can be seen that the number of active regrowth forms of platelets in the blood decreases.

A tampon is selected from the boy's nose.

The prognosis of most patients is good.

Recovery occurs in three to four weeks.

In the autoimmune form, antibodies are produced against their own unchanged platelets.

Hemorrhagic syndrome in this form is represented by symptoms common to all severe and persistent thrombocytopenia.

It begins gradually and is characterized by a chronic course.

It often has no connection with a previous disease or accompanies diseases such as lupus erythematosus, chronic hepatitis.

The prognosis is serious.

Key words

Hemostasis.
Immune thrombocytopenic purpura.
Forms of thrombocytopenia.

Reel №2

Footage frameFootage frameFootage frameFootage frame

Isoimmune thrombocytopenia occurs when maternal and fetal platelet antigens are incompatible.

Sometimes it happens with hemotransfusion.

A cartoon explaining this process.

Clinical signs of the disease occur a few hours after birth.

A child with this form of the disease is in intensive care.

Petechiae and sometimes large bruises appear.

Gastrointestinal bleeding is observed, there may be hemorrhages in the brain.

The prognosis for this form is severe.

The transimmune form of thrombocytopenia is observed in newborns born to mothers with immune thrombocytopenia.

Antibodies penetrate the placenta and destroy the platelets of the child.

Interview of a patient with signs of thrombocytopenia.

Examination of the child after birth in the intensive care unit.

Hemorrhagic manifestations can also occur in other diseases, which requires a differential diagnosis.

Hemorrhagic vasculitis is based on micro thrombovasculitis of immune genesis.

A child with signs of such a disease.

Symmetrical papular hemorrhagic rash is located on the buttocks, limbs and around the joints.

Frequent localization on the foreskin.

The torso and face remain free of rash.

Articular and abdominal syndromes are characteristic.

The platelet count is normal.

In acute leukemia, the appearance of hemorrhage is associated with thrombocytopenia.

However, an increase in the liver and spleen, lymph nodes, and the appearance of leukemic cells in the blood make it possible to diagnose acute leukemia.

A child with all the signs of acute leukemia.

Tumor formations in soft tissues and skin on the child's head.

Glanzman's disease is a hereditary thrombocytopathy similar to thrombocytopenic purpura in the clinic.

The diagnosis is made on the basis of the normal number of platelets, the prolongation of bleeding time by Duke, the absence of retraction of a blood clot.

Hemophilia is caused by a deficiency of certain factors of the blood coagulation system.

A child with hemophilia with nosebleeds.

Boys get sick more often.

Profuse and prolonged bleeding from the mucous membranes, deep subcutaneous hematomas occur with injuries.

There are no petechiae.

Hemorrhages in the joints are characteristic.

The doctor measures the volume of joints on the legs of a sick child.

A sick child with ankylosis caused by repeated hemorrhages.

The diagnosis is made on the basis of a sharp prolongation of the clotting time with a normal number of platelets and bleeding time.

Willebrand's disease mainly affects girls.

The disease has similarities with both thrombocytopenia and hemophilia.

Prolonged and copious bleeding, hemorrhages in the joints are characteristic.

A child with diseased joints in a wheelchair.

For diagnosis, a sharp prolongation of bleeding time, sometimes clotting time, and a decrease in blood clot retraction with a normal platelet count are important.

Sometimes there are very severe uterine bleeding, which lasts 15-20 days and may require extirpation of the uterus.

Intensive care unit.

In all forms of thrombocytopenic purpura, treatment begins with conservative methods.

Strict bed rest for the prevention of cerebral hemorrhage.

Hemostatic agents of local and general action, glucocorticoid hormones, antibacterial therapy.

Samples of medicines.

In the absence of the effect of conservative therapy for 6 months, splenectomy is resorted to.

The positive effect of it is observed in most children.

If splenectomy is ineffective, repeated courses of immunosuppressive therapy have to be carried out.

The doctor interviews the child after the splenectomy.

Children play outside in winter.

Key words

Isoimmune thrombocytopenia.
Transimmune thrombocytopenia.
Acute leukemia.
Glanzman's disease.
Hemophilia.
Willebrand's disease.

Our website uses "cookies" to give you the best, most relevant experience. By continuing to browse the site, you agree to our use of cookies. See our User Agreement, Privacy Policy and Cookies Policy.