A chemistry textbook for students in grades 8-9. The film tells about electrolysis, shows various chemical experiments, etc., shows how this method is used in the chemical industry.
A woman at a computer, her hands on the keyboard, the words "Electrolysis" appear on the monitor.
Close-up - wires, a chemical device with liquid inside.
The frame shows various devices for chemical experiments, wires, etc.
Close-up - liquid in a flask.
A man in a white coat in a laboratory, takes a glass chemical vessel from the shelf.
Close-up - a glass jar with white powder, the jar has the words "PbCl2" (lead chloride) on it.
The lab technician takes the powder from the jar, pours it into a test tube, places the test tube in a special device to melt the lead chloride at a temperature of 600 degrees.
Close-up - a scale on the device.
The lab technician attaches wires to a transparent glass tube.
Inside the tube, the thin rod on the left is a tungsten cathode.
And the thick rod inside the tube is a graphite anode.
These are electrodes.
A laboratory assistant takes out a test tube with molten lead chloride using scissors and tweezers and checks the melt.
Then he dips electrodes into the melt and closes the electric circuit.
In the frame, a hand turns the handle of a device in the laboratory, a panorama of laboratory glassware on a table.
Under the influence of electric current, chlorine should be released at the anode.
Chemical formulas appear on the monitor screen.
On the table are test tubes with KJ (potassium iodide) and starch.
Chlorine displaces iodine from potassium iodide, and we observe a blue coloration of the starch.
A laboratory assistant in a protective transparent mask takes out a test tube with the melt, pours it into a laboratory cup (lead is reduced on the cathode).
A layer of lead is clearly visible on the solidified electrolyte.
A recording of what was happening in the installation is played on the computer display (formulas, etc. appear on the screen).
Under the influence of electric current, oxidation-reduction processes occur in the electrolyte - this is electrolysis.
Electrolysis of salt solutions.
On the laboratory table are various test tubes and other laboratory glassware with colored liquids.
On the monitor screen are chemical formulas.
A laboratory assistant is conducting an experiment.
Close-up - the scale of the ammeter (the arrow is moving).
Copper chloride solution - the solution is exposed to electric current.
A thickening is noticeable at the cathode.
At the anode - some gas is released.
Animation insert - copper ions move to the cathode and are reduced to neutral copper atoms, and chlorine ions are oxidized at the anode.
Discoloration of indigo confirms that chlorine is released.
On the monitor screen are chemical formulas.
Copper and other metals that are after zinc in the electrochemical series of voltages can be obtained by electrolysis from solutions of their salts (the chemical elements are listed).
On the table - a device, a pack of salt, a jar of water, etc.
A hand pours table salt into a jar, a solution is made, a plate with wires is lowered into the jar, the device is turned on, current flows, a substance forms in the jar, foam appears, etc.
Close-up - a hand turns off the device.
The hand dips a piece of paper with the inscription "Salt" into the jar, takes it out - half of the inscription on the sheet disappears under the influence of sodium hypochlorite (this is a very strong oxidizer that is obtained as a result of electrolysis).
A laboratory, devices on the table, a red liquid is bubbling in a test tube on a burner, a lab assistant is working, a panorama of test tubes, a flask with the inscription KJ (potassium iodide).
A chemical experiment is being conducted - electrolysis of potassium iodide.
The lab assistant pours the solution into a U-shaped glass tube.
Close-up - a diaphragm between the cathode and anode spaces.
Wires are connected to the cathode and anode.
Close-up - a hand turns on the device, electric current is supplied.
Gas is released at the cathode.
Animation insert - not potassium ions, but hydrogen are reduced at the cathode; free iodine is released at the anode.
Potassium ions and iodine hydroxide remain in the solution.
Laboratory, table, U-shaped glass tube with solution - a lab assistant approaches the setup.
Close-up - a test tube is brought to the burner flame.
The released iodine and potassium hydroxide are poured into laboratory beakers (the water in the beakers is colored).
On the monitor screen - chemical formulas.
During electrolysis of aqueous solutions of salts of active metals, the metals themselves cannot be obtained (the chemical elements are listed).
On the shelf is a jar of distilled water, next to which is a flask labeled Na2SO4 (sodium sulfate).
On the monitor screen - chemical formulas.
Laboratory - a lab assistant turns the knobs of devices.
In the frame - a special experimental setup for electrolysis.
When passing an electric current, we observe the release of gases at the cathode and the anode.
The process of gas emission is shown; the liquid in the laboratory containers decreases.
A laboratory assistant checks the results of an experiment - hydrogen and oxygen were obtained during the electrolysis of water.
Close-up - a test tube with hydrogen is brought to the flame of a burner.
Close-up - a glass flask with the released oxygen is removed from the installation, a smoldering splint is placed there - the splint lights up.
On the monitor screen - chemical formulas.
A workshop of an industrial chemical plant - various equipment, machines, etc. are in the frame.
In the frame - an industrial electrolyzer.
The cathodes and anodes of such a device are shown - metal plates separated by a diaphragm.
Water is fed into the electrolyzer from below (panorama of the device).
On the monitor screen - chemical formulas.
A woman at a computer, typing on a keyboard, formulas are visible on the monitor.
Panorama of a workshop of a chemical plant, in the frame pipes, equipment, electrolyzers, etc.
Reservoirs with the inscriptions "hydrogen" and "oxygen".
Cylinders with hydrogen.
Chemistry, electrolysis, chemical experiments, laboratory, laboratory glassware
Industrial production of chlorine and alkali by electrolysis.
A woman near a computer, typing on a keyboard, formulas are visible on the screen.
On the monitor screen are chemical formulas.
Workshop of an industrial chemical plant, in the frame are equipment, tanks, etc.
Liquid in an electrolyzer.
Diaphragm method of obtaining alkali.
Panorama of the workshop - in the frame are anodes, which are made of a metal mesh.
Asbestos, which covers the cathode mesh, serves as a diaphragm.
The operation of the alkali production unit is shown.
A worker walks through the workshop, approaches machines and equipment.
A modern method of obtaining alkali is membrane.
The cathode and anode spaces are separated not by a diaphragm, but by a membrane (polymer ion-exchange film).
The operation of the membrane unit is shown.
This method allows obtaining products of electrolysis of very high frequency - alkali, chlorine, hydrogen.
Panorama of the unit, on the bases of the pipes are the inscriptions "CL2", "H2".
Industrial production of aluminum.
The lid of an industrial container is lifted, a panorama of the unit's parts (electrolyzer), some powdery substance is in the frame.
The frame shows bags on the workshop floor.
On the monitor screen are chemical formulas.
A woman is near a computer, typing on the keyboard, the formulas are visible on the screen.
The mixture for aluminum production is poured into the electrolyzer bath, where it melts at a temperature of about 1000 degrees.
Carbon blocks serve as anodes, and the bath itself is the cathode.
The work of an electrolyzer in a chemical plant workshop is shown.
Animation insert - aluminum is continuously released from the cathode.
Carbon anodes gradually burn out (new anodes and burnt-out anodes are in the frame).
Aluminum is unloaded from the bath with a vacuum ladle.
Panorama of the workshop, in the frame is an electrolysis unit, a large vacuum ladle is moving from above.
The workshop, a worker near the ladle, watches how the obtained aluminum is poured into a special container.
Large - molten aluminum is poured out of a ladle.
Aluminum flows down a special chute.
The metal is poured into an electrolyzer of a different design.
Panorama of the electrolyzer unit.
Animation insert - the bottom of the electrolyzer bath serves as the anode, and the cathode - carbon blocks, from which purified aluminum is collected.
In the frame - an electrolyzer.
Impurities remain at the bottom of the bath (it is shown how they are scooped out and stacked on the floor in the workshop).
The process of obtaining purified aluminum is shown - the metal flows down special chutes, in the frame - containers with pure aluminum.
Electrolytic deposition.
Laboratory - a laboratory assistant is preparing to conduct a chemical experiment.
A plate of unrefined copper is placed in a solution of copper sulfate, which serves as an anode, and a plate of molybdenum serves as a cathode.
The arrow on the ammeter moves.
When current is passed through the electrolyte, copper ions pass into the solution.
On the monitor screen - chemical formulas.
Copper settles on the cathode from the solution in the form of neutral atoms.
Impurities remain at the bottom of the bath.
The lab technician takes a plate out of the bath and tears off a piece of paper with a thin layer of metal (the electroplating process is shown).
A workshop, chemical production - by means of cathodic deposition, products are shown coated with a layer of metal with the required characteristics.
The frame shows an automatic galvanizing line.
The parts on hangers, after degreasing and washing, enter baths with electrolyte.
The parts themselves serve as a cathode, the anode here is pieces of zinc.
Under the influence of electric current, zinc gradually dissolves and settles on the parts.
The frame shows the production process in the workshop, parts coated with zinc, etc.
The process of chroming parts (to protect against corrosion).
Insoluble anodes are used in chroming.
The part itself serves as the cathode.
The frame shows the process of chroming parts in the workshop.
Panorama of rooms with various equipment, machines, etc., in the frame a woman with a round part in her hands.
Cathodic deposition can be used to obtain very accurate copies of a relief surface (this method is called electroforming).
The process of making gramophone records is shown, a woman places a blank in a special installation.
Close-up - buttons, lights on the control panel.
The original serves as a cathode, it is coated with nickel, a kind of negative of the record is obtained.
Plastic prints are made from the resulting matrices.
The process of making gramophone records is shown.
On the bas-relief is a portrait of Academician Jacobi.
On the table is a vase, metal dishes.
In the frame are various electrical household items - irons, teapots, saucepans, etc.
Close-up - a drawing set, the lid of a box opens, compasses, etc. in the frame.
Panorama of surgical instruments made of metal.
In the frame - musical wind instruments.
Collage of alarm clocks.
Plates made of different metals are placed on the table.
Panorama of various electronic computing devices.
A woman near a computer, typing on a keyboard, formulas are visible on the screen.
Chemistry, electrolysis, chemical industrial enterprise, alkali, aluminum production, electrolyzer, chemical industry, laboratory, electrotype, cathodic deposition method