The film was made by order of the Ministry of Civil Aviation. The film shows all types of ground icing, and icing of aerodynamic profiles in flight, flight safety measures in icing conditions.
The pilots and navigator enter the cockpit of the Tu-154 aircraft, take their seats near the instruments, the dashboard, put on headphones, and prepare for the flight.
Close-up - the pilot at the controls.
View from the cockpit onto the airfield.
A service technical vehicle drives along the airfield.
An airfield with aircraft parked on the airfield.
Icicles, ice deposits on the aircraft wing.
The pilots are in the cockpit, checking the instruments, a panorama of the navigator.
Close-up - the pilot's face.
One of the pilots takes off his headphones, leaves the cockpit, and walks toward the aircraft cabin.
Panorama of tree branches covered with snow and frost.
Winter.
Snow, trees.
It is shown how ice crystals grow on the surface of the aircraft.
Panorama of the portholes - frost is visible on the glass.
Crystalline frost on the wing of the aircraft.
Close-up - a hand is clearing a small area on the wing of the aircraft from ice and frost.
Panorama of the TU-154 airplane, in the frame - icing on the wing, which appeared as a result of freezing raindrops, fog or drizzle.
Close-up - it is shown how moisture turns into ice floes that cover the airplane with a crust.
Close-up - a hand scrapes off the ice coating from the surface of the airplane.
Airfield, airplanes.
In the frame - frozen wet snow on the wing of the airplane.
Close-up - a hand with a screwdriver knocks on the surface of the airplane covered with an icy crust, it is shown how pieces of ice, frozen snow, etc. break off.
In the frame - the wing of the TU-154 airplane.
Close-up - ice patterns on the surface of the airplane.
Animation insert, hand-drawn diagrams, etc. - it is shown how dangerous icing of the surfaces of the airplane is.
The more perfect the aerodynamic profile, the more perfect the air flow around it.
The lift and weight of the airplane are equal in this case.
For a clean wing, this dependence is maintained up to the critical angle of attack.
When ice forms, the flow conditions change.
The lift of the wing decreases.
Even frost reduces the lift of the wing by almost one third, and the critical angle - almost in half.
Airplane on the runway - takes off.
Animation insert - shows how a regular airplane takes off.
Airplane on the runway - takes off.
Animation insert - shows how an icy airplane with less lift takes off (trying to gain altitude, it reaches critical angles of attack, loses longitudinal and lateral stability, controllability).
View from the cockpit of the aircraft to the airfield, you can see how a technical service car drives by.
Ground service employees drive up to the aircraft in a service car.
A technician climbs the ladder to the top of the car, puts on a safety belt, gets ready to work on removing ice from the surface of the aircraft.
A man presses buttons on the dashboard.
A technical service employee goes up on a lift to start treating the surface of the aircraft.
Close-up - the man's face in a hat.
A maintenance worker puts on safety glasses and lifts a special device for supplying hot water.
A man presses buttons on the instrument panel.
A technician turns the handle of the hot water supply equipment.
A ground maintenance worker is shown removing ice with hot water and then treating the aircraft surfaces with anti-icing fluid.
The anti-icing fluid washes away ice and snow and forms a protective film on the skin.
Panorama of an aircraft on the airfield, a maintenance vehicle, and an employee on a lift treating the aircraft surface.
Close-up - a stream of liquid washes ice off the wing surface.
The frame shows a ground maintenance worker at work.
The frame shows an aircraft on the airfield, a maintenance vehicle, and an employee on a lift treating the aircraft surface with anti-icing fluid.
A navigator in headphones behind the instrument panel, panorama of the pilots in the cockpit.
Animation insert showing two anti-icing systems with which the aircraft is equipped.
This is an air-thermal system of the wing, empennage, engines and air intakes, which works from the hot air of the 9th stage of the compressor and the electro-thermal system of the slats and glass of the cockpit canopy.
Pilots in the cockpit at the controls, panorama of the instrument panel.
Close-up - the pilot's face.
Close-up - a hand switches the switches on the instrument panel.
The plane is taxiing on the runway.
The plane is taking off.
In the frame - an airplane model, different weather conditions are simulated.
A special room for testing, employees climb the stairs to the top, put on headphones, observe the experiment.
In the frame - an instrument panel with switches.
A man in headphones sets certain parameters for the experiment (humidity, temperature, etc.).
Close-up - the instrument panel, a hand switches the switches, presses buttons, in the frame - instrument readings, etc.
An airplane wing in a wind tunnel.
Drops of water settle on the surface of the wing from the cloud.
Overcooling with the air flow, they turn into crystalline frost, covering a large area of the wing.
Subsequently, icing occurs mainly along its leading edge.
The thickness of the ice increases, forming a significant growth of irregular shape.
The frame - a model of an airplane (for conducting an experiment) - shows the ice growths formed on the edge of the wing, on the windshields of the cabin, on the air intakes of the engines and the edges of the tail unit.
Civil aviation, airplane, TU-154, aerodrome, airfield, the plane takes off
Winter
Animation insert - the plane is covered with ice crystals.
Close-up - ice build-up on the plane's surface is shown.
An example of icing on the leading edge of the wing (a hand breaks off a piece of ice).
Airplane model.
Animation insert - showing how icing occurs on the wing profile with the high-lift devices extended - ice build-ups form on the edges of the flaps, on the front part of the slat and on the wing behind it.
It shows how such icing looks on a real wing model.
Airplane model with formed icing - the ice on the leading edge of the flaps is sometimes so significant that it does not allow the high-lift devices to be retracted to their original position.
Airplane cockpit, with pilots and a navigator in the frame.
Close-up - the instrument shows the climb.
View from the cockpit during flight.
Animation insert - showing a flying plane.
Under the action of air sucked in by the compressor, pieces of ice from the surfaces of the air intake or engine spinner can break off and damage the blades of the inlet guide vane and the first stages of the compressor.
In this case, engine failure and the associated piloting difficulties are possible (the aircraft movements in such conditions are shown schematically).
Aircraft, wing, flaps closing.
Controller near instruments, looking at the aircraft location on radar.
Pilots in the aircraft cockpit.
Close-up - instrument readings on the instrument panel in the cockpit.
Pilot at the controls of the aircraft.
Aircraft cockpit, pilots and navigator in the frame.
Animation insert - shows how the aircraft begins to lose altitude, since the lift of the wing is reduced.
To maintain it, it is necessary to increase the speed or angle of attack.
Aircraft model - shows how the angle of attack increases.
Animation insert - shows how such an increase can bring the aircraft to an angle close to the critical one, which can lead to flow separation and stall.
Pilots in the aircraft cockpit.
Close-up - a hand pulls the instrument handle.
View from the window onto the aircraft wing - flaps closing.
Animation insert - shows that during steady flight, the diving and pitching moments are equal.
Pilots at the controls in the aircraft cockpit.
Animation insert - it is shown that during icing, the pitching moment created by the stabilizer and elevator increases to a critical angle of attack, which in these conditions is significantly less than usual.
Close-up - the pilot in the cockpit.
Animation insert - when the mechanization is released, the nature of the flow changes noticeably (a flow slope appears, capturing the tail unit).
In this case, the angle of attack, even with a constant stabilizer position, approaches and can even become greater than the critical one.
The pilot is at the controls of the aircraft.
Animation insert - it is shown how the dive occurs, the aircraft sharply descends.
View from the cockpit, the aircraft is landing.
Airplane, cockpit, pilots and navigator in the frame.
Close-up - the pilot's face.
Instrument panel.
Close-up - instrument readings during descent.
Close-up - the pilot's face.
Instrument panel - the aircraft's anti-icing system is turned on.
Airplane, cockpit, pilots and navigator in the frame.
Close-up - the pilot's face.
Close-up - the warning lights on the instrument panel light up.
On the instrument panel, a hand switches the toggle switches and starts the anti-icing system.
Close-up - instruments on the control panel.
Pilots at the control column.
View from the window onto the wing of the aircraft.
Pilot at the control column.
In the frame, an aviation instrument - a variometer (the arrow is moving).
Close-up - the pilot's face.
In the frame, an aviation instrument - a variometer.
Pilots in the cockpit of the aircraft.
The instrument panel of the aircraft, in the frame, various instruments and equipment.
Close-up - the pilot's face.
The alarm button on the instrument panel.
The airframe and engine anti-icers are turned off.
Close-up - the pilot's face.
The instrument panel, in the frame - buttons and toggle switches for turning on the anti-icing system.
The instrument panel.
Panorama of the cockpit, in the frame, the pilots of the aircraft and the navigator.
The aircraft in the sky, view of the wing.
In the frame - the instrument panel, various instruments and equipment.
View from the cockpit, the aircraft is descending.
In the frame, the readings of the aviation instrument - the airspeed indicator (the arrow is moving).
Close-up - the pilot's face.
The instrument panel - the status of the flaps is shown.
The aircraft, the cockpit, the pilots and the navigator in the frame.
Close-up - readings of various aircraft instruments.
The aircraft is descending, approaching for landing (shot from the cockpit).
The pilots are in the cockpit, talking.
Close-up - the pilot's hand on the aircraft control stick during landing.
Panorama of the instruments in the cockpit.
The aircraft is approaching for landing, descending, and landing on the runway (shot from the cockpit).
The TU-154 aircraft is descending, landing on the runway.
The pilots and the navigator in the cockpit.
The aircraft is moving along the runway.
Close-up - a hand is pulling the control sticks in the cockpit.
Close-up - the pilot's face.
Close-up - a hand is turning off the stabilizer, vertical stabilizer, and wing de-icers on the instrument panel.
The heating of the high-pressure receiver is turned off.
The aircraft is on the runway, reducing speed.
Airfield, airfield, aircraft.
Tu-154 airplane on the airfield, view of the wing covered with icy snow.
The experimental model of the airplane shows how icing occurs.
Airfield, airfield, in the frame - towing of the airplane.
Shows how the airplane takes off.
View of the airfield, the airplane taking off from the cockpit.
Civil aviation, airplane, TU-154, pilots, aerodrome, airfield, plane landing
Winter